ment of, assigned to Julian, 325. His

civil administration, 335.
Gaul is invaded by the Allemanni, in the
time of Valentinian, iii, 93. By the
Saxons, 105. And in the time of Gratian,
181. Destruction of idols and temples
by Martin bishop of Tours, 283. Overrun
by the troops of Radagaisus, after. his
defeat, 172. Occupied by the Goths,
Burgundians, aud Franks, 473. Assem-
bly of the Seven Provinces, 480.

reign of Theodoric king of the Visi-
goths, iv. 5. Invasion of, by Attila, 15.
Battle of Chalons, 21. Revolutions of, on
the death of Majorian, 84. Advantages
under the Roman government. 156. Con-
quests and prosperity of Euric king of the
Visigoths, 158. Character and reign of
Clovis, 159. Submission of the Armoricans
and the Roman troops, 168. Final estab-
lishment of the French monarchy, 180.
The Salic laws, 183. The lands of, how
claimed and divided by the conquerors
191. Domain and benefices of the Me-
rovingian princes, 193. Usurpation of
the Seniors, 195. Privileges of the Ro-
mans in, 203. See France.

Gauls, (Galatæ, or Celts) in Northern Italy,

i. 26. In Germany, 276. Fabulous emi-
grations into Asia, ib. note. Believed the
immortality of the soul, ii. 26. Hostile
feelings between them and the Germans,
iv. 89, note, 157. Their commercial in-
tercourse, through Marseilles, with the
East, 179, note. The position which they
held after the conquest of the Franks,
182. Their defeat at Delphi, v. 463,
note. In whatever countries found, they
were supposed to be emigrants from
Gaul, vii. 284, note.

Gaza, Theodore, his versions of Aristotle
and Theophrastus, vii. 254.

Gazi, or holy war among the Mahometans,
vii, 138, 165.

Gazna, now Ghuznee, the seat of Mahmud's
empire, vi. 359, and note.

Geber, an eminent physician of Arabia, vi.
149.

Geberic, a Gothic king, ii. 264.
Gedrosia, revolutions of the sea coast of, i.
261, note.

Geisa, king of Hungary, vi. 274.

Gelalean era of the Persians, vi. 382, and
note.

Gelaleddin, Glory of the Faith, a title of
Malek Shah, vi. 382, note.
Gelaleddin, sultan of Carizme, vii. 122.
His death, 137.

161.

Gennadius, the monk, his denunciation
against a Greek union with the Latin

church, vii. 305. Becomes patriarch, 305.
His death, 333.

Gennerid, the Roman general, under Hono-
rius, his character, iii. 430.
Genoese, their colony at Heraclea removed
to Galata, vii. 61. Growth of their power,
108. Obtain the exclusive trade of the
Black Sea, 110. Their war with the
emperor Cantacuzene, 112. With the
Venetians, 113. Treaty with the empire,
114. Monopoly of alum at Phocæa, 195,
and note.

Gens, among the Romans, a lineage united
by a common name and domestic rites,
v. 67. Most nearly represented by our
people of family, vi. 424, note.
Genseric, king of the Vandals in Spain, his
character, iii. 531. Goes over to Africa
on the invitation of count Boniface, 531.
His successes there by the assistance of
the Donatists, 533. Their treachery, 196,
301. Devastation of Africa by his troops,
536. Besieges Boniface in Hippo Regius,
537. His surprisal of Carthage, 542.
Alliance with Attila, 557. His brutal
treatment of his son's wife, daughter of
Theodoric, iv. 8. Raises a naval force and
invades Italy, 43. His sack of Rome, 46.
Destroys the fleet of Majorian, 67. His
naval depredations on Italy, 71. His
claims on the eastern empire, 73. De-
stroys the Roman fleet under Basiliscus,
82. An Arian and persecuted his Ca-
tholic subjects, 138.

Gentleman, etymology of the term, vi. 424.
note.

Geography, imperfectly studied by the
ancients, iv. 319, note; vii. 216, note;
227, note.

Geoponics of the emperor Constantine Por-
phyrogenitus, vi. 182.

George of Cappadocia supersedes Athana-
sius in the see of Alexandria, ii. 441. His
scandalous history, and tragical death,
550. Becomes the tutelar saint of Eng
land, 553.

George of Pisidia accompanies the first ex-

pedition of Heraclius, and celebrates it
in a poem, v. 182, note.
George, the admiral, of Sicily, takes Ma-
hadia from the Saracens, vi. 344. Corfu,
Corinth, and Athens from the Greeks,
346. Rescues Louis VII. king of France,
ib. Insults Constantinople, 347.
Georgia, the ancient Iberia conquered by
Alp Arslan, vi. 372. Origin of its name,
ib., note. Overcome by Batou, vii. 129.
By Timour, 165.

Georgians, their character and religion, vi.
372.

Geougen, a Tartar tribe; their origin, iii.
362. Their khan insulted and vanquished,
by Attila, 554. Almost extirpated by the
Turks, iv. 452.

Gepida, a Gothic Tribe; fabulous origin

of their name and history, i. 307, and
note. Subject to Attila, iii. 554. After
his death establish an independent king-
dom, iv. 36. Occupy Hungary and Tran-
sylvania, 441. Are checked by the Lom-
bards, 442. Their war with the Lombards
and Avars, v. 97. Subdued and their
nation dissolved, 100.

Gergovia, siege of; Cæsar lost his sword, iv.
198, and note.

Germania, supposed birth-place of Belisa-
rius, iv. 362, note.

Germanicus, stopped in his course of victory
by imperial jealousy, i. 3, note.
Germans, their early settlement in Belgium,
i. 25. A warlike race, 270. Their phy-
sical constitution, 275. Fables respect-
ing their origin, 277. Their progress in
civilization, 278. Their habits and cha-
racter, 282. Their freedom and govern-
ment, 284. Their respect for the female
sex, 289. Their religion, 290. Their
bards, 292. Their progress checked by
various causes. 294. Origin of their
name, 303, note. Distinguished from
Sarmatians, 310. Invade Gaul, ii. 322.
Defeated by Julian at Strasburg, 329.
Intimidated by his three expeditions
across the Rhine, 333. Recruit the le-
gions of Constantine, 349, note. War with
Valentinian, iii. 93. With Gratian, 180.
Supposed emigration of northern tribes,
364. Supposed dominion of Attila, 550.
Their conversion to Christianity, iv. 133.
Invade Italy, and are defeated by Narses,
531. Subject to Charlemagne, v. 410.
In the division of his empire, a part of
Gaul, west of the Rhine allotted to them,
414. Indisposed to join the crusade, vi.
414, note.

Germanus, nephew of Justinian, marries
Mathasuintha, widow of Vitiges and
granddaughter of Theodoric, iv. 431, note;
520. Refuses to defend Antioch, 472. Is
appointed to command the army in Italy,
520. His death, 521.

Germanus, the son, iv. 431, note; 520, note.
His daughter married to Theodosius, son

of the emperor Maurice, v. 161, note. De
clines the purple offered to him, 163.
Germany, the Romans gave the name to

two provinces, the Upper and the Lower,
which were part of Gaul, i. 25.
Germany, ancient, its rude institutions
contain the first principles of our present
laws and manners, i. 272. Its extent, ib.
Its climate, 274. Its forests, game,
cattle, and metals, 280.

the imperial crown established in the
name and nation of Germany, by the
first Otho, v. 415. Division of, among
independent princes, 429. The Germanic
constitution, 431. State assumed by the
emperor, 433. Present state of its north-
ern regions, vii. 93, and note. Its mines
94, and note. Described by Chalcocon-
dylas, 216.

Gerontius, commander of the provincial
troops in Greece against Alaric, iii.
336. Sets up Maximus as emperor in
Spain, and loses his life in the attempt,
461.

Gerson, chancellor of the University of

Paris, endeavours to restore the union of
the church, vii. 426, note.
Gerundensis, John, or Biclarensis, his chro
nicle, iv. 209, note.

Gessoriacum. See Boulogne.

Geta, son of the emperor Severus, i. 164.
See Caracalla,

Geta. See Goths.

Getes, Jetes, or Desht Jitteh, an Asiatic
people, Timour's first enemies, vii. 161,
and note.

Ghebers. See Fire Worship and Magi.
Ghibellines, the emperor's party in Italy,
v. 428; vii. 348. Derivation of the term,
390, note.
Giannone, historian of Naples, dreaded the
power of the church, ii. 378, note.
Giaour, or Gabour, the Turkish form of
Gheber, applied to all infidels, vii. 294,
nole.

Gibamund, nephew of Gelimer, iv. 373.
Gibraltar, landing place of the Saracens in
Spain; meaning of the name, vi. 91, and
note.

Gildas, inconsistencies in his history, iv.
212, 216, and notes.

Gildo, the Moor, his revolt in Africa, iii.

325. His defeat and death, 330.
Gilimer, a Gothic leader in Italy, iv. 92.
Giraffe, killed in the circus by Commodus,
i. 121, and note.

Gisulf, a Lombard, appointed duke of Friuli
by his uncle Alboin, v. 120.
Giubin, an epithet applied by the Persians
to Balram, v. 144.

Giustendil. See Justiniana.
Gladiators, enterprise and fate of a party
reserved for the triumph of Probus, í. 406.
Abolished by Honorius, iii. 358.
Glass windows, a luxury of Firmus, the
Egyptian, i. 379, note. Known to the

Greece, under the command of Alaric,
335. Invade Italy, 346. Besiege Hono-
rius in Asti, 351. Are defeated by Stili-
cho at Pollentia, 353. Again at Verona,
356. And retire from Italy, ib. Many
join the army of Radagaisus, 365. Ad-
vance under Alaric to the gates of Rome,
397. First siege of the city, 424. Second
siege, 433. Third siege and sack of
Rome, 439. Exaggeration of the damage,
443-448, and notes. They evacuate Rome,
and proceed into Southern Italy, 449.
Death of Alaric, 452. Peace concluded by
Adolphus, and they march into Gaul, 453.
Treasures acquired by their victories,
456. Enter Spain and surprise Barce-
lona, 468. Victories of Wallia, 470. They
are settled in Aquitain, 472. The
Ostrogoths, subjects or allies of Attila,
554, and note.

Goths, the Visigoths in Gaul under Theo-
doric, iv. 5. Besiege Narbonne, 6. Alli-
ance with the Romans, 18. Take part in
the battle of Chalons against Attila, 21.
Their king Theodoric slain, 22. They
elevate his son Torismond to the throne,
24. The Ostrogoths, after the death of
Attila, occupy Pannonia, 36. The Visi
goths in Gaul under Theodoric II. sup-
port the emperor Avitus, 51. Conquer
Spain, 55. Return into Gaul, ib. Pass
the Pyrenees again under Euric and
establish the Gothic monarchy in Spain,
84. The Goths converted to the Chris-
tian religion, 133. They adopt Arian
opinions, 136. Which the Visigoths of
Spain abandon for the Catholic, 149.
Their power under Euric, 158. Are de-
feated by Clovis near Poitiers, and their
king Alaric II. slain, 176. Lose Aqui-
tain, 178. Their kingdom in Spain, 208.
Influence of their clergy, 210. Their
code of laws, 211. The Ostrogoths in
Pannonia, 244. Commanded by Theo-
doric, 245. Serve the emperor Zeno,
247. Conquer Italy, 253. Desist from
warfare and cultivate the arts of peace,
261. Though Arians, respect the Italian
Catholics, 272. A colony of them settled
in the Crimea, 342. State of the Visi-
goths in Spain under Theudes, 392. Of
the Ostrogoths in Italy after the death of
Theodoric, 395. Subdued by Belisarius,
431. Revolt, 502. Finally overcome by
Narses, 530. The Goths of Ceuta assist
the Greeks, vi. 82. State of the Gothic
kingdom in Spain under Roderic, 88. In-
vaded by the Arabs, 90. Its ruin, 95.
The Goths were not destroyers of the
Roman monuments of art, vii. 451. Gib-
bon corrects his erroneous account of
their emigrations, ib., note.
Governors of provinces, under the emperors,
their great power and influence, ii. 215.
Government, civil, at first an association for
mutual defence, i. 285. Absolute, or

vi.

despotic, declared by Aristotle and by
Julian, to be unnatural, ii. 497, note:
Granaries, public, largely supplied by the
emperor Severus, i. 156, note. Under
the care of the Ediles Cereales, in the
time of the republic, ii. 193, note.
Grasses, artificial, introduced intoItaly, i. 70.
Gratian, father of Valentinian I., military
commander in Britain and Africa, iii. 65.
Gratian was the first emperor who refused
the pontifical robe, ii. 461, note. Mar
ries the princess Constantia, and suc
ceeds to the empire, iii. 135. Defeats
the Allemanni in Gaul, 181. Invests
Theodosius with the empire of the East,
193. His character and conduct, 209.
His flight from Maximus, and death,
216. Overthrew the ecclesiastical esta
blishment of paganism, 275.
Gratian, an eminent Roman, proposes to
restore the city to the Greek emperor,
159, note.
Greece, as a province of the Roman empire,
i. 28. Is ravaged by the Goths, 333. Col-
lects its naval forces in the Piræus, to
support Constantine, 517. Favoured and
relieved by Julian, ii. 499. Included in
the Western empire by Valentinian, iii.
69. Transferred to the Eastern with the
diocese of Macedonia by Gratian, 194.
Is overrun by Alaric, 335. Its codes con-
sulted by the Romans, v. 7, and notes.
Early intercourse with Rome, 9, and note.
Visit of Constans II., 292. Irruption of
the Sclavonians, vi, 189. Its silk manu-
factures, 191. Invasion of the Sicilian
Normans, 346. Latin dukedoms, vii. 7.
Is reduced by the Turks, 335.
Greek church, first symptoms of discord and
schism revealed at the council of Sardica,
ii. 432. Its controversies and divisions
contribute to the downfal of the Eastern
empire, v. 255. The worship of images
abjured, 372. Restored, 396. Abstained
from the use of bells, vi. 25. Its long
dream of superstition, 235. Its separa-
tion from the Western church, the com-
bined effect of religious and national
animosity, 522. Its rules of discipline
different, 524. Emulation of the two
leading prelates, 525. The breach
widened by the Latin reign in Constan-
tinople, vii. 36. A temporary reunion
effected by Michael Palæologus, 66. Dis-
solved, 69. Barlaam negotiates to renew
it, 205. Treaty signed and ratified at
Florence, 239. Disowned by the clergy
and people, 263. Another false uuion,
305. Mahomet II. appoints a patriarch
and grants freedom to the church, 332.
Greek empire. See Empire Eastern.
Greek cities in Upper Asia, i. 260, and note.
In Bactriana, built by Alexander, iv. 458,
and note. By Seleucus Nicator, v. 143,
note. In Hyrcania, vii. 167, note,
Greek colonies covered the coast of South-