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Grimoald, duke of Beneventum, v. 409.
Grotius, his view of the political system of
the Christians, ii. 345, note. His fable
of Mahomet's pigeon, v. 511, note. Ap-
proves the imperial laws of persecution,
vi. 254, note. His imprisonment, and
escape, ib.

Grumbates, king of the Chionites, attends
Sapor, king of Persia, in his invasion of
Mesopotamia, ii. 316. Loses his son at
the siege of Amida, 317. Returns home
in grief, 319.

Gruthungi (or Ostrogoths), another Latin
corruption of Gothi, Goths, iii. 203, and

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note.

Guiscard, Robert, meets Leo IX. at Civi-
tella, vi. 311. His birth and character,
312. Meaning of his surname, 314, note.
Acquires the dukedom of Apulia, 316. His
Italian conquests, 317. Besieges Durazzo,
326. Defeats the emperor Alexius, 330.
Engages in the cause of pope Gregory
VII., 336. His second expedition to
Greece, and death, 338.

Guischardt, his Military Memoirs, i. 15,
note; iii. 57, note Called Quintus Icilius,
vi. 183, note; 330, note.

Guizot, M., his Preface to the second edition
of his translation of this work, i. vii.
His Memoir of the Life and Character
of Gibbon, xvi. Error in his translation
respecting Bohemond's escape, vi. 472,

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Appoints Glycerius emperor of Rome,
93. Succeeds to the kingdom of Bur-
gundy, 169. Calls a council of his
bishops at Lyons, 170. Betrayed by his
brother Godegesil, and defeated by Clovis,
171. His mild and impartial laws, 172.
His argument in favour of the judicial
combat, 190.

Gnnpowder has changed the military art,
and secures Europe against the future
irruptions of barbarians, iv. 210. Was
not known to the Chinese in the thir-
teenth century, vii. 125, note. Its in-
vention and use, 203.

Gustavus Adolphus, called by the Austrians
the lineal successor of Alaric, i. 304,
note.

Guy of Lusignan, king of Jerusalem, his
character, vi. 496. Is defeated and taken
prisoner by Saladin, 497. His release, 502,
Gyarus, a small island, its poverty, i. 205.

H.

Hadrian, emperor, constructs a rampart
in Britain, i. 5, note. Relinquishes the
eastern conquests of Trajan, i. 8. Their
characters compared, 9. His character
contrasted with that of Antoninus Pius, 9.
His adoption by Trajan, 100. His choice
of a successor, 101. Formed the harbour
of Trebizond, 330. Excludes the Jews
from Jerusalem and builds the city of
Elia Capitolina on Mount Sion, ii. 11.
Founds a library at Athens, iv. 352. His
mausoleum converted into an arsenal
by Belisarius, 411. His perpetual edict,
v. 17, and notes. His mausoleum now
the Castle of S. Angelo, vii. 445. Its
threatened destruction by the Romans,
459.

Hadrian, a prætorian prefect, the Pharian
whom Claudian offended by his epigram,
iii. 391, and note.
Hadrianople, battle of, between Constan-
tine and Licinius, i. 518. Besie,ed by
Fritigern, iii. 175. Battle of, between
Valens and the Goths, 185. Again be
sieged, 188. Escapes the ravages of
Attila, 559. Revolts against the Latin
emperor Baldwin, vii. 2. Roger de Flor
invited there and assassinated, 78. Taken
by Amurath I. and made the seat of the
Ottoman government, 147,
Hakem, caliph of Egypt, assumes a divine
character to supplant the Mahometan
faith, vi. 391. His sacrilege and death,
392. His disciples, the Druses, ib. and
note.

Hakem I,, caliph of Spain, his cruelty at
Cordova, vi. 155, note.
Hamadanites, the Saracen dynasty of, in
Mesopotamia, vi. 173.

Hamyarites, an Arabian tribe, vi. 42, note.
Hanbal, Ahmed Ebn, head of a Mahometan
sect, vi. 174, note.

Hannibal, state of the Alps when crossed
by him, i. 494, and note; and of Rome
when he besieged that city, iii. 397, and
note.

Hannibalianus, youngest son of Constan-
tius Chlorus, by his second marriage,
left to the care of his half-brother Con-
stantine, i. 477. Led a private life in
affluence, and had no posterity, ii. 249.
Hannibalianus, son of Dalmatius and ne-
phew of Constantine, ii. 249. Has the
titles of nobilissimus and king, 256.
Provinces which formed his kingdom,
258. Married his cousin Constantina,
268, 281. Murdered by Constantius,
268.

Hanseatic League, its origin and influence,
v. 431; vi. 280, note.

Happiness of the human race from the death
of Domitian to the accession of Commo-
dus; its precarious nature, i. 104. Of
individuals not dependent on power and
magnificence, v. 353; vi. 142.

Haran, pilgrimage of the Sabians to its
temple of the Moon, v. 46. See Carrhe.
Harbii, idolaters or atheists, not tolerated
by Mahometans, vi. 104, note.

Hardouin, Father, attributes the Eneid to
monks of the thirteenth century, ii. 56,

note.

Harem, its secrecy inviolable among the
Turks, vii. 172, and note. That of Bajazet
captured by Timour, 181.
Harmozan, the Persian satrap, his inter-
view with caliph Omar, vi. 17.
Harpies, an ancient mythological history, Le
Clerc's conjecture concerning, ii. 177, note.
Harun al Rashid, caliph, his birth at Rei,
v. 143. His friendly correspondence with
Charlemagne, 412. His wars with the
Greek empire, vi. 152. His reign, 153.
Poisons Edris, 171, note.

Haruspices, consulted by Constantine, ii.
245, note. By Julian, iii. 39. Their art
invented in Etruria, ib. note, 282, note.
Hashem, ancestor of Mahomet, from whom
the family take the name of Hashemites,
vi. 457, 462.

Hassan, or Hasan, son of Ali, wounded in
defending Othman, v. 522. Succeeds his
father, and resigns, 526, and note. His
benevolence, 527, and note.

Hassan, governor of Egypt, takes Carthage,
vi. 82.

Hassan, a janizary, leads the assault of
Constantinople, vii. 322.

Hatra, a town through which Jovian re-
treated, iii. 51, note.
Hawking. See Falconry.

Hawkwood, Sir John, commander of a mer-
cenary band in Italy, vii. 212, and note.
Hebal, statue in the temple of Mecca, v.

258.

Hebdomon, an imperial palace near Con-
stantinople, iii. 68, note. The Saracens
land there, vi. 115.

Heeren's Prize Essay on the influence of
the Crusades, vi. 572, note; vii. 38, note.
Hegira, the era fixed by Omar, v. 489.
Heineccius, his works on Roman Law;
errors discovered in them, v. 3, note;
15 and 17, notes.

Hejaz, the province of Arabia in which
Mahomet was born, v. 438.

Helena, the mother of Constantine, i. 472.
Converted to Christianity by her son, ii.
341, note.

Helena, sister of the emperor Constantius,
married to Julian, ii. 304. Is reported to
be deprived of children by the arts of the
empress Eusebia, 306. Her death, 475.
Helena, daughter of Romanus Lecapenus,

and wife of Constantine Porphyrogeni-
tus, v. 324.

Helena, the last empress of Trebizond,
vii. 335, note.

Helena, supposed to have been a daughter
of Licinius, and wife of Crispus, ii. 253,

note.

Helena, a town at the foot of the Pyrenees,
ii. 280, and note.

Heliopolis, or Baalbec, in Syria, taken by
the Saracens, vi. 40. See Baalbec.
Heliopolis, in Egypt, promised by Amaury,
to obtain the support of the knights
Hospitallers in his projected invasion,
vi. 491, note.

Hell, according to Mahomet, v.481.
Hellespont, the Goths penetrate through
it, i. 333. Naval victory of Crispus on
its waters, 519. Its form and extent, ii.
180. The Saracens pass through it to
besiege Constantinople, vi. 115. Cross it
at Abydos for the second siege, 120.
Crossed by Frederic Barbarossa with his
army, to avoid Constantinople, 479.
Crossed by the Turks, who establish
themselves at Gallipoli, vii. 147.
Helmichis assists Rosamund to murder
Alboin, and is poisoned by her, v. 107.
Helvetia, amount of its population in the
time of Cæsar, i. 283, note. Its northern
part occupied by the Allemanni and
Suevi, iv. 163, notes; vii. 354, note.
Hendinos, name given by the Burgundians
to their king or general, iii. 98.
Hengist, his arrival in Britain, iv. 213. His
establishment in Kent, 214.

Henoticon, a concordat promulgated by the
emperor Zeno, v. 236, and note.
Henry succeeds his brother Baldwin as
emperor of Constantinople, vii. 17. His
character and administration, 20.
Henry the Fowler, saves and institutes the
kingdom of Germany, v. 415. Defeats
the Hungarians, vi. 271.
Henry III., emperor, his contest with pope
Gregory VII, vi. 335. Takes Rome, and
sets up pope Clement III., 336.
Henry VI., emperor, conquers and pillages
the island of Sicily, v. 356.

Henry IV., of France, contrast and resem.

blance between him and Clovis, iv. 169.
Reminded of the Sicilian Vespers, vii. 73,
note.

Henry V. of England, influence of his vic-
tories, vii. 429, note.

Henry VIII. of England, compared with
Constantine the Great, ii. 245, note.
Henry the Wonderful, duke of Brunswick,
vii. 92, notes.

Heptarchy, Saxon, established in Britain,
iv. 219. State of Britain under the
Saxons, 222.

Hera, Mahomet's cave, near Mecca, v. 468.
Heraclea, in Pontus, a naval station of the
Goths, i. 332. Destroyed by Harun al
Rashid, vi. 154. Its early history by
Memnon, ib., note.

Heraclea, in Thrace, the ancient Perinthus,
i. 154, note. Diocletian elected there, 419.
Maximin defeated, 504. First colony of
the Genoese, vii. 61.

Heraclea Lyncestis, the ancient, name of
Pelagonia, or Perlepe, vi. 423, note.
Heraclea near Iconium; now Eregli, on the
line of march of the first crusade, vi. 443,

note.
Heracleonas, emperor of Constantinople,
v. 289. Deposed and mutilated, 291.
Heraclian, kills Stilicho, iii. 387. Count of
Africa, retains that province in obedience
to Honorius, iii. 437. His cruel usage
of the refugees from the sack of Ronie
by Alaric, 446 His revolt and death,

459.

Heraclianus conspires against Gallienus, i.
352.

Heraclius, exarch of Africa; is invited to

dethrone Phocas, and resigns the enter-
prise to his son, v. 167.
Heraclius, deposes Phocas, and is chosen
emperor, v. 168. Conquests of Chosroes
II. king of Persia, 169. Distress of Hera-
clius, 175. Accepts an ignominious peace
from Chosroes, 177. His first expedition
against the Persians, 180. His second
expedition, 182. Alliance with the Turks,
188. His third expedition, 190.
treaty of peace with Persia, 195. His
triumph and pilgrimage to Jerusalem,
196. His theological inquiries, and Ec-
thesis, 250. Marries his niece Martina,
289. Appoints his two sons joint succes-
sors to the empire, 289. Invasion of
his provinces by the Saracens, vi. 29.
Flies from Syria, 49. His death, v.

289.

His

Ileraclius the prefect, his expedition against
the Vandals in Africa, iv. 80. He joins
Basiliscus, 81.

Heraclius the eunuch, instigates the empe-

ror Valentinian III. to the murder of the
patrician Etius, iv. 37. His death, 40.
Hereum, a palace built by Justinian near
Chalcedon, iv. 336.

Herat, a temple of the Ghebers destroyed
there, vi. 107.

Herbelot. See D'Herbelot.

Hercules, his statue at Heraclea, vi. 154.
Hercules, columns of, i. 33; vi. 87.
Herculians, a body of imperial guards, i,
453; iii. 31. Join the revolt of Proco-
pius, 72.

Herculius, a title assumed by Maximian, i.
425.

Hercynian forest, its extent unknown in the
time of Cæsar, i. 274, note. A part of it
penetrated by Julian, ii. 430, and note
Hereditary monarchy, its beneficial influ
ence, i. 215. An element of Gothic
government, not found among any Italian
people, iii. 469, note

Heresy in religion, the origin of, traced,
ii. 16. Edict of Constantine the Great
against, 387. Seven edicts of Theodosius
against it, iii. 232. Unfeeling conduct of
pope Leo, against it, iv. 49, note.
Hermanric, king of the Ostrogoths, his
conquests, iii. 125. His death, 164.
Hermanstadt in Transylvania, built by
Germans, vi. 274, note.
Hermenegild, or Ermenigild, prince of
Bætica, his marriage with Ingundis,
princess of Austrasia, and conversion to
the Nicene faith, iv. 149. His revolt and
death, 151. His gold coins, 180, note
Herminianus, Claudius, governor of Cappa-
docia, ii. 117, note.

Hermits, of the East, their mortified course
of life, iv. 126. Miracles ascribed to
them and their relics, 128.
Hermodorus, the Ephesian, assists the Ro
mans in compiling their Twelve Tables
of laws, v. 7.

Hermogenes, master-general of the cavalry,
is killed in the attempt to banish Paul
bishop of Constantinople, ii. 450.
Hermogenian code, a lost compilation of
Roman laws, v. 21.

Hero and Leander, their story, ii. 181, note.
Herod, son of Odenathus, his death, i. 373.
Herodes Atticus, his extraordinary fortune
and munificence, i. 60.
Herodian, his authority as an historian,
compared with that of Dion Cassius, i.
117, note. Not the grammarian of Alex-
andria, 160, note. His Life of Alexander
Severus, why preferable to that in the
Augustan History, 200, note.
Herodian, an officer under Belisarius, be-
trays Spoleto, iv. 515.
Herodians, a Jewish sect, ii. 4, note.
Herodias, the subject of a homily attributed
to Chrysostom, iii. 506.

Herodotus, his character of the Persian
worship, i. 255.

Heruli, enter into the service of Gallienus,
i. 334. Form a legion in Julian's army,
ii. 465. Conquered by Hermanric, near
the Palus Mæotis, iii. 125. Part of the
army of Odoacer, who is said to be their
king, iv. 95, note. Letter of Theodoric to
their king, 958. Their history and mean.

ing of their name, ib., note. Serve under
Narses in Italy, 424, 533. Fables of Pro-
copius respecting them, 424, note.
Hexamilion, the rampart of the Isthmus
of Corinth, vii. 222, note. Broken down
by the Turks, 334.

Hierapolis, near the Euphrates, visited by
Julian, iii. 12.

Hierarchy of the church; its origin, ii. 51.
Its progress, 55 Its pride, 65. Of the
State, 197 Of Pagan Rome, iii. 273, and

note.

Hierocles, favourite of Elagabalus, i. 186,
note, 188.

Hieroglyphics, at Thebes in Egypt, ex-
plained to Germanicus, ii. 310, note.
Hieromax. See Fermuk.
Hieronymus. See Jerom.

Hilarion, the monk, his miracle at Epi-
daurus, iii. 137, note. His wanderings,
iv. 113, and note.

Hilarius, friend of Libanius, pleads for
Antioch, iii. 252. Governor of Palestine,
254.

Hilary, bishop of Poitiers, laments the di-
versity of Christian doctrines, ii. 411.
His exposition of the term Homoiousion,
414. Banished by Constantius, 437.
Restored with the other exiles by Julian,
521.

Hilary, pope, censures the emperor Anthe-
mius for his tolerant principles, iv.
77.

Hilderic, the Vandal king of Africa, his
indulgence to his Catholic subjects dis-
pleases both the Arians and Athana-
sians, iv. 360. Is deposed by Gelimer,
360. Put to death, 374.

Hildibald, elected king by the Goths in
Italy, iv. 502.

Hindoos, not the disciples of Zoroaster,
vi. 106, note.

Hindostan, trade with Rome, i. 72. Roman
taxes on its commodities, 268, and note.
Early Christian church there, v. 262.
First visited by the Portuguese, 279, and
note. Invasions of Mahmud the Gaz-
nevide, vi. 360. Conquest of, by Timour,
vii. 168.

Hippo Regius, Augustin its bishop, iii. 302,
Siege of, by Genseric king of the Vandals,
537.

Hippolytus, his statue and chair, i. 180,
note. His conversion to Christianity, ii.
81, note. His treatise against heretics,
v. 202, note.

Hira, a kingdom and city of Arabia, iv. 469,
and note. Its situation, v. 446. Taken by
the Saracens, and now Medschid Ali, vi.
9, and note.

Hismahelites, a Sclavonian tribe that set-
tled in Hungary, vi. 273, note.
History, the principal subjects of, i. 299
Eastern, little known before Mahomet,
341, note. Its tone rises and falls with
the spirit of the age, v. 286.

|

Holagou, grandson of Zingis, his conquests,
vii. 127.

Holy war. See Crusades, and Gazi.
Homer, a soul like his not to be sought in
a period of civil and religious slavery, ii.
188. Studied by Julian through an alle-
gorical interpretation, 505, note; 508.
The veils of his Trojan princesses not
brought from Sidon, iv. 310, note. His
writings brought into Italy by Barlaam,
vii. 245. Presented to Petrarch, 246.
Translated by Boccace, with the assist-
ane of Leo Pilatus, 248. Printed at
Florence, 257, note.

Homerites, an Abyssinian colony in Arabia,
iv. 493, and note. Their vicissitudes,
496. Their war of the elephant, v. 138,
note. 463, and note.

Homicide, voluntary, penance ordained for
it by St. Basil, iii. 258, and note. See
Fines.

Homoousion, origin and use of that term at
the council of Nice, ii, 408. And Homoi-
ousion, the distinction between, 414.
Honain, war of, v. 502.
Honain, a Nestorian physician at Bagdad,
translates Greek works into Arabic, vi.
146, note.

Hongvou, a Chinese prince, vii. 186.
Honoratus, archbishop of Milan, driven from
his see by the Lombards, v. 104.
Honoria, sister of Valentinian III., iv. 12.
Honorians, Barbarian auxiliaries of the
usurper Constantine, iii. 380.

Honorius, son of Theodosius the Great, is
declared emperor of the West by his
dying father, iii. 269. Ascends the throne,
306 Marries Maria, the daughter of Sti-
licho, 332. His character, 333. Flies
from Milan on the invasion of Italy by
Alaric, 348. Besieged in Asta, 351. His
triumphant entry into Rome, 356. Abo-
lishes the combats of gladiators, 358.
Fixes his residence at Ravenna, 358.
Orders the death of Stilicho, 387. His
measures unite his Barbarian soldiers
against him under Alaric, 394. His couu-
cils distracted by the eunuchs, 430. His
overtures to Attalus and Alaric, 436. His
laws for the relief of Italy, 458. His
triumph for the reduction of Spain by
Wallia, 472. Gives independence to
Britain and Armorica, 476. Convenes the
Seven Provinces of Gaul, 480. Banishes
his sister Placidia, 524. His death, ib.
His persecution of the Donatists, 533.
Two sovereigns of Southern Europe
likened to him and his brother, iv. 238.
Honour, the new ranks of, introduced in
Constantinople, ii. 198, vi. 199.
Hormisdas, a fugitive Persian prince, in
the court of the emperor Constantius,
his remarks on the city of Rome, ii. 309,
note. His history, and station under
Julian, iii. 16. Requested by Sapor to
1 mediate a peace with Julian, 32. His

son supports the revolt of Procopius,
72.

Hormous, son of Chosroes, king of Per-
sia, his accession, v. 141. His cha-
racter, 142. Is deposed, and killed,

146.

Hormuz, a competitor for the throne of
Persia, i. 441.

Horns of the urus or wild bull, used by the
Goths for trumpets, iii. 173, and note.
For drinking-cups, v. 122, note.
Horses, of Cappadocia, ii. 228. Of Sicily, iv.,
370, note. "Of Venetia, v. 121, note. Of
Arabia, 410. The two marble statues
of Monte Cavallo at Rome, iv. 268, and
note; vii. 445, 466. The four bronze
conveyed from Constantinople to Venice,
vi. 573, note.

Hortaire, king of the Allemanni, submits to
Julian, ii. 333.

Hosein, the son of Ali, his death, v. 529.
Hospitallers, knights of St. John of Jerusa-
lem, origin and rules of the order, vi. 464,
and note. Join Amaury in his invasion
of Egypt, 491, note. Employ Turkish
mercenaries, 497, note. After the fall of
Acre take refuge in Cyprus, 522. Obtain
possession of Rhodes. Defend it against
Othman, vii. 142, and note. Charged
with the defence of Smyrna, 145, note.
Their loss in the battle of Nicopolis, 151,

note.

Hostilianus, son of Decius, elected empe-
ror, under the guardianship of Gallus,
i. 317. His death, 318.

Houris, of Mahomet's Paradise, v. 483.
Houses, of Constantinople inconveniently
crowded together, ii. 193. Of Rome, their
general character, iii. 422. Of Assyria,
materials of which they were built, vi.
15, and note.

Houssein, brother-in-law and colleague of
Timour, vii. 163, and note.

Hugh, king of Burgundy, his marriage
with Marozia, and expulsion from Rome
by Alberic, v. 422.

Hugh, count of Vermandois, engages in the
first crusade, vi. 420. Is shipwrecked,
and made captive by the Greeks, 430.
His return, 450.

Hughes, Mr., makes the siege of Damascus
the subject of a tragedy, vi. 35, note.
Hugo, king of Italy; his daughter Bertha
betrothed to young Romanus, vi. 209.
Huissers, or Palanders, flat-bottomed ships
for conveying cavalry, vi. 551, note.
Human nature, its propensities, ii. 43.
Human race, the period during which its
condition was the most happy, i. 104. Its
numbers diminished in the time of Gal-
lienus, 350. Of Justinian, iv. 554.
Hume, Mr., his Natural History of Religion,
the best commentary on the polytheism
of the ancients, i. 36, note. His difficulty,
as to the extent of the imperial palace at
Rome, solved, 167, note. Charges the.

most refined and philosophic sects with
intolerance, 259, note. Believed the cru-
sades to have been contrived by the
popes, vi. 511, note.

Hungarians, their first appearance in Eu-
rope, vi. 262. Called Turks by the Greeks,
by themselves Magyars, 263. Their lan-
guage and origin, 265. Habits and cha
racter, 267. Their devastation, 269.
Defeat 271. Acquiesce in a sedentary
life, 273.

Hungary, establishment of the Huns in, iii.
549. State of, under Charlemagne, v. 410.
Peopled by a mixture of races, vi. 273,
note; 274, note; vii. 14, note. Conquered
by the Mongols, 130. Wars with the
Ottomans, 151, 267.

Huniades, John, his exploits against the

Turks, vii. 270. His history, 277. His
defence of Belgrade, and death, 278.
Huniades, Matthias Corvinus, king of Hun-
gary, vii. 278, and note.

Hunneric, the son of Genseric, king of the
Vandals, marries Eudocia, daughter of
Valentinian II. iv. 72. Persecutes bis
Catholic subjects, 140. His cruelty to
those of Tipasa, 147.

Huns, their original seat, and their con-
quests, iii. 151. Their decline, 155. Two
divisions of them:-the White Huns,
Euthalites, occupy Sogdiana, 158. The
Huns of the Volga emigrate, 159. First
mentioned by Dionysius Periegeta,
160, note. Defeat the Alani, 162. Over-
come the Ostrogoths, 164. Are defeated
by Toulun, and press on the confines of
Germany, 363. Occupy the lands in
modern Hungary, from which they had
driven the Ostrogoths, 549. Commanded
by Attila, 550. His empire exaggerated,
553, note. Their incursions in Media
and Syria magnified, 556, note. Ravage
the Eastern empire, 559. Treaty of
peace with Theodosius II., 565. Invade
Gaul, iv. 14. Defeated at Chalons, 22.
Invade Italy, 26. Retreat, 34. Their
empire expires with Attila, 36.
Hunting of wild beasts, when a virtue, and
when a vice, i. 123. Is the school of war,
iii. 146.

Hycsos, shepherd-kings, v. 499, note. See

Berbers.

Hyginus, an ancient tactician, i. 20, note.
Hypatia, the female philosopher, murdered

by Cyril, patriarch of Alexandria, v. 213.
Hypatius, sedition of, at Constantinople, iv.
307.

Hyphasis, ancient name of one of the rivers
of the Punjaub, i. 35, and note; vii. 169.

I

Ibas, bishop of Edessa, and friend of Nes-
torius, v. 247.

Iberia, conquered by Trajan, i. 7. The
nomination of its kings by Diocletian,

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