449. Converted to Christianity, ii. 366.
Receives the name of Georgia, iv. 348;
vi. 372.

Iberian gates of mount Caucasus, iv. 348.
occupied by Cabades king of Persia, 349.
Ibrahim, descendant of Mahomet's uncle
Abbas, claims the Caliphate, vi. 134. His
imprisonment and death, 135.

Ibrahim, founder of the Aglabites, vi. 174,
Ibrahim, vizir of Amurath II., vii. 194.
Icasia, by a pert reply, offends the emperor
Theophilus, v. 313.

Iceni, the British tribe, i. 25.

Ichoglans, young janizaries attached to the
sultan's person, vii. 201..

Ichthyophagi, savage fishermen of Gedrosia,
i. 261, note. Of Hejaz, v. 439, note.
Iconium, or Cogni, the first crusaders pass
through, vi. 443, and note. After the
loss of Nice, made the residence of the
Seljukian sultans, 474, and note. Taken
by Frederic Barbarossa, 482.
By the
Mongols, vii. 428.
Iconoclasts, the sect opposed to the worship
of images, v.368. Break the images and
persecute the monks, 370. Are resisted
by the Western church, 377. By the
empress Irene, 396. Finally overcome
by the empress Theodora, 398.
Idatius describes the state of Spain, after
the irruption of the Vandals, Alani, and
Suevi, iii. 467. His date for the passage
of the Vandals into Africa, 531, note.
Bishop of Iria Flavia, and prisoner in
the hands of the Suevi, iv. 55, and note..
Idolatry, an unsatisfactory religion in an
advanced stage of society, ii. 3. note.
Ascribed by the primitive Christians to
the agency of dæmons, 19. Suffered to
linger in Rome, 460. Derivation of the
word, 462, note. Prolonged among the
rural population by its festivals, iii. 291,
note. Imputed to Christian image-wor-
ship by Jews and Mahometans, v. 365.
Practised by the early Arabians, 457.
Forbidden by the law of Mahomet, 469.
Igilium, or Egilium, the island to which
the Romans Hed from Alaric, iii. 444.
Igmazen, king of a Moorish tribe, iii. 116.
Ignatius, bishop of Antioch, did not refer
to the gospels, but to the traditions of
the apostles, as rules of faith, ii. 17, note.
Escaped martyrdom, 118, note. His zeal,
128. His letter to the church of Smyrna
levelled against the Docetes, v. 202,
note.

Ignatius, patriarch of Constantinople dis-
placed, and restored, vi. 526.
Igor, son of Ruric, leads the third Russian
expedition against Constantinople, vi. 284.
yours, or Vigours, a Tartar nation, iii. 152.
Overthrow the remnant of the Huns, iv.
37. Migrate to the banks of the Irtish,
vi. 265.

Ikshidites, the Saracen dynasty, vi. 173.
Ildico, married to Attila, iv. 34.

VOL. VII.

note.

Ilium, supposed design of Julius Cæsar, and
of Augustus, to build there a new seat of
empire, i. 451, note. Of Constantine to
do the same. ii. 182.

Illiberis, near Granada, council of, ii. 64.
Illiberis, at the foot of the Pyrenees, rebuilt
by Constantine and named Helena, ii.
280, note.

Illustrious, a rank of honour created by
Constantine, ii. 199, 222.

Illyricum, the Roman province, i. 27. The
security of its frontier restored by Au-
relian, 364. Divided between Gratian and
Theodosius, iii. 194. Again between Arca-
dius and Honorius, 307. Alaric, master-
general of the Eastern, 342. Reunited
and attached to the Eastern empire by
Theodosius II., 527.

Imaus, mountain in central Asia, iv. 451,
note. See allai, and Caf.

Imma, daughter of Charlemagne, v. 404,
note.

Imma, near Antioch, defeat and death of
Macrinus, i. 182, note. Zenobia defeated,
375, note,
Immortality of the soul, the doctrine assists
the progress of Christianity, ii. 23.
Immortals, a Persian military band, iii. 45.
Imperator, in the Roman history, explained,
1. 81, note. The imperial prerogatives,

84. The court, 90. Its sense altered, 454.
Ina, the legislator of Wessex, iv. 228. His
pilgrimage to Rome, v. 376, note.
Incarnation, history of the doctrine, v. 198.
Incest, natural, and arbitrary, distinguished,
v. 58. Roman Law on, 59.
Income, the Roman tax on, called the Lus-
tral Contribution, v. 242..

India, embassy from, to Constantine, ií. 265.
To Julian. iii. 3. Some of its science
probably derived from the Greeks of
Bactriana, iv. 458, note.. See Hindostan.
Indictions, commencement of the era, i.
498, nate. Mode of levying tribute, and
the measure of time connected with it,
ii. 232, and note; 235.
Indulgencès, papal, their origin and nature,
vi. 407 Employed as an incentive to
the crusades, 409..

Infants, exposure or murder of, prohibited
by an edict of Constantine, i. 512, and
notes. Many saved and brought up by
the early Christians, ii. 62..
Infernal regions of the ancients created by
2 M

Isidore of Miletus, one of the architects of
St. Sophia, iv. 330.

Isidore of Gaza, one of the philosophers
that went to Persia, iv. 354, 356, note.
Isidore of Seville, approves the persecution
of the Jews in Spain, iv. 154, note. His
Chronicle, 208, 393, note.

Isidore, the husband of Hypatia, v. 213,
note.

Isidore of Pelusium, abbot; his letters, v.
215, note.

Isidore, primate of Russia, accompanies
John Palæologus to Florence, vií. 230.
Assents to the union of the churches,
236. Is created a cardinal, ib. On his
return to Russia, is condemned by a
synod, imprisoned and escapes to Rome,
265. Goes as legate to Constantinople,
and concludes a new act of union, 305.
Isis, the Egyptian Deity, wife of Osiris or
Serapis, worshipped in Rome, i. 40.
Demolition of their temple, ib., and notes.
Precedency given to her in Egypt over
her husband, iii. 286, note.

Islam, its two articles of belief, v. 468. Its
rites, 477, 480.

Ismael, the Arabs his posterity, v. 137,
note; 444.

Ismael, a chief of the race of Seljuk, vi. 365.
Ismael Beg, last prince of Sinope; submits
to Mahomet II., vii. 336.

Isocrates, the companion of Plato and
Xenophon, iv. 350. His first stipend, 352.
Issus, the camp of Heraclius, v. 180. Its
bay (now the Gulf of Scanderoon), vi.
243, note.

Ister, the Greek name of the Danube, i. 28.
Istria, origin of its name, i. 28, note. In-
cluded in Italy, 26. Crispus conveyed
there and put to death, ii. 253. Gallus
has the same fate there, 300. Conquered
by Alaric, iii. 346. A new Campania
formed there, iv. 270. Acquired by
Venice, vi. 539.

Italica, near Seville, founded by Scipio
Africanus. Birth-place of the emperors
Trajan, Hadrian, and Theodosius, (and of
Silius Italicus), iii. 194, note.
Italy, the seat of Roman sovereignty,
divided by Augustus into eleven regions;
did not include the present Lombardy, i.
26. Its pre-eminence over the provinces,
and exemption from taxes, 43. Receives
Severus without resistance, 145. Made
subject to a proportion of the public
burdens by Augustus, 207. Extinction
of its exclusive privileges, 214. First
invasion of Barbarians, 325. Invaded
by Aureolus, 351. By the Allemanni,

Flou-

364. Entered by Galerius, 481. Oppres-
sed by Maxentius, 491. Delivered by
Constantine, 501. Invaded by Maximus,
iii. 242. By Alaric, 347. By Radagaisus,
367. Again by Alaric, 395. Depravity
of its inhabitants in the 16th century,
447. Occupied four years by the Goths,
450. Evacuated by them, 457. Invaded
by Attila, iv. 26. By Genseric, 46. Con-
quered by Odoacer; becomes a kingdom,
98. Its distress mitigated by his huma
nity, 105. Conquered by Theodoric the
Ostrogoth, 253. Its inhabitants reserved
by him for the arts of peace, 257.
rishes under his government, 269. In-
vaded by Belisarius, 403. By the Franks,
425. Its Gothic kingdom subdued by
Belisarius, 429. Restored by Totila or
Badvila, 503. Finally subverted by Nar-
ses, 529. Invasion of the Franks and
Allemanni, 530. Their defeat, 533.
Government of the Exarchs of Ravenna,
534. Distress and depopulation of the
country, 536. Kingdom of the Lombards
founded by Alboin, v. 104. Its extent
and the exarchate of Ravenna, 118.
Formation of the modern Italian lan-
guage, 119. State of the people improved
by mild and equitable government, 127.
Allegiance to the Eastern empire thrown
off, and temporal power of the pope
established, 372, 377. Lombard kingdom
conquered by Charlemagne, 386. Chan-
ges that followed his death, 414. Cala-
mitous expeditions of the German en-
perors, 425, Rise of the municipal
republics, 426. Factions of the Guelfs and
Ghibelines, 428, vii. 348. Inroad of the
Hungarians, vi. 269. Conflict of the
Greeks, Normans, and Saracens, 294.
New Greek province, 297. First arrival
of the Normans, 301. Their final extinc-
tion, 357. Revival of Greek learning in
Italy, vii. 469. Cultivation of the Fine
Arts, 469, and note.

Ithacius, or Idacius, his cruelty to Priscil-
lian, iii. 235, and note.
Itinerary of Antoninus, from the wall in
Britain to Jerusalem, i, 67, note. From
Bordeaux to Jerusalem, ii. 532, note. In
Italy, from Mediolanum to Columna Rhe-
gina, v. 116, note. Per Macedoniam usque
Constantinop., vii. 18, note.

J.

Jaafar, slain in the battle of Muta, v. 505.
Jabalah, an Arabian of the tribe of Gassan,

who took the Christian name of Manuel,
and commanded the Greek army at the
battle of Yermuk, vi. 44.

Jacob, son of Leith, first of the Soffarides,
vi. 172.

Jacobites, the Oriental sect; their history
and tenets, v. 264. Introduced into
Abyssinia, 278. Submit to the Saracens

Send five of their

in Egypt, vi. 60.
bishops to Cairoan, 109.
Jalulah, battle of, vi. 15.

James, bishop of Edessa, miracles ascribed
to him, ii. 276, note.
James. See Baradaus.

James, St., his legendary exploits in Spain,
ii. 77.

Jane. See Anne of Savoy.

Jane, queen of Naples, sells Avignon to
pope Clement VI., vii. 381. Is accused
of having murdered her first husband,
Andrew, prince of Hungary, 405.
Junizaries, their revolt in 1808, ii. 190, note.
Their origin, vii. 148. Their education
and discipline, 201. Name applied to the
guards of the Greek emperor, 232.
Jansenists, their view of the character of
Athanasius, ii. 442, note.

Janus, temple of, opened for the last time
by the younger Gordian, i. 242. Its
ancient and its latter form, iv. 412, and
note.

Jarin, or Eirin. See Ireland.

Jaroslaus, the Russian prince, sends a fleet
to attack Constantinople, vi. 284.
Jazyga, a Sarmatian tribe, ii. 268.
Jazyges, a tribe that settled in Hungary,
vi. 273, note.

Jehan Numa, a palace built by Mahomet II.,
at Hadrianople, vii. 297.
Jermuk. See Yermuk

Jerome, or Hieronymus, his account of the
origin of St. John's Gospel, ii. 396, note.
Is employed by, and praises, Damasus
bishop of Rome, iii. 90. Exaggerates the
calamities inflicted by the Goths, 190.
The friend and flatterer of Theophilus,
patriarch of Alexandria, 287. His con-
troversy with Vigilantius, 299, note. His
persecution of Rufinus and Jovinian, and
his general character, 346, note. His
residence at Bethlem, and reception of
Roman fugitives, 446. Gives Paula the
title of "Mother in law of God," and
persuades her to build monasteries, iv.
115.

Jerusalem, its temple respected by Augus-
tus, ii. 5. Attempted profanation by
Caligula, ib. The Jews excluded from it,
90. Destruction of the temple, 108.
Julian's design to rebuild it, 530. Con-
stantine's previous erection of a Christian
church, 532. Julian's attempt defeated
by an apparently supernatural interposi-
tion, 536. The occurrence explained by
Michaelis, 537, note. Church erected
there by Justinian, iv. 335. The holy
vessels of the temple placed there by him,
386.

is conquered by Chosroes II. king of
Persia, v. 171. Insurrection of the Monks,
235, and note. The city conquered by
the Saracens, vi. 44. By the Turks,
388. Great resort of pilgrims to, 389.
is taken from the Turks by the Egyp-

tian Fatimites, 454. Captured by the
crusaders, 458. A Christian kingdom
under Godfrey of Bouillon, 459. Ap-
pointment of a patriarch, 461, and note.
Knights of St. John and Templars, 464,
and note. Godfrey's Assise, 465, 467,
and note. Succession of its Chris
tian princes, 495. Taken by Saladin,
498. Recovered by the emperor Fre
deric II. 514. Pillaged by the Carizmians,

515.

Jerusalem, New, described according to the
ideas of the primitive Christians, ii. 30.
Jesuits, Portuguese, persecute the Eastern
Christians, v. 263. Their labours in, and
expulsion from, Abyssinia, 281, and
notes.

Jews, their rebellion in the time of Hadrian,
i. 9, note; ii. 89. Colonies of them planted
by the Ptolemies at Alexandria and
Cyrene, i 58, note; ii. 3, note. Persecuted
by Artaxerxes, i. 260. Their character
and conduct to other nations, ii. 4. Did
not receive from Moses the doctrine of a
future state, 26. Learned it first under
their Asmonæan princes and pontiffs, 28.
Their reception of Christianity, 69. Their
cruelty in Egypt, Cyprus, and Cyrene,
89. Distinguished from Christians, 91.
Treatment of them in Minorca, 304.
The learned among them in Egypt study
Greek philosophy, 393, and notes. The
emperor Julian's letter to them, 510.
Their persecution in Spain, iv. 154.
Their mercantile establisliments in Italy
pillaged, 275. Introduced into Abyssinia,
and plant their religion there, 493, note.
Their settlement in Arabia, 494. Perse-
cuted by Heraclius, v. 196. By Cyril, at
Alexandria, 212. By Justinian, 244. By
Mahomet in Arabia, 498. Contributed
to the conquest of Spain by the Saracens,
vi. 94. Plundered and massacred by the
first crusaders in the trading cities of
Germany, 415. A tribute levied upon
them to support the public games of
modern Rome, vii. 462, and note.
Jezdegerd, king of Persia, said to be left
guardian to Theodosius the Younger,
by the emperor Arcadius, iii. 510. His
war with Theodosius, 519.
Joan, pope, the fable of, v. 420, and notes.
Joanna, daughter of Raymond, VII., count
of Toulouse, by marriage conveys her
father's lands to the French crown,
vii.
381, nate.

Joanna, queen of Naples. See Jane.
Joannina, daughter of Belisarius, iv. 517.
Joannites, supporters of Chrysostom, iii.
508, note.

Job, the book of, superior to the Koran,
v. 474.

John I., emperor of the East. See Zimisces.
John II., Comnenus, or Calo-Johannes, his
reign, v. 342. His death, 343.
John III., Vataces. See Vataces.

John IV., Lascaris. See Lascaris.
John V., Palæologus. See Palæologus.
John VI., Cantacuzene. See Cantacuzene.
John VIII., Palæologus. See Palæologus II.
John, principal secretary to the emperor
Honorius, usurps the empire after his
death, iii. 525. Is defeated and put to
death, 526.

John, the Almsgiver, archbishop of Alex-
andria, v. 171. His liberality, 273.
John, bishop of Antioch, arrives at Ephesus,
to oppose Cyril, v. 221. Coalition between
them, 222.

John, of Apri. patriarch of Constantinople,
his pride, and confederacy against John
Cantacuzene, vii. 97. Deposed by the
visionaries of Mount Thabor, 107.
John, the Armenian, an officer under Beli-
sarius in Africa, iv. 372.
John of Brienne. See Brienne.
John of Cappadocia, prætorian prefect un-
der Justinian, his character, iv. 326. Op-
poses the African war, 361. His fraud in
supplying the army with bread, 369. Is
disgraced by Theodora, and becomes a
bishop, 327.

John Chrysostom. See Chrysostom.
John, count, favourite of the empress Eu-
docia, iii. 509.

John Damascenus, or Mansur, last of the
Greek fathers, v. 371, note.

John, the eunuch, brother of the emperor
Michael 1V., v. 331.

John Gerundensis, or Biclareusis.
Gerundensis.

See

note.

vii. 428.

John, St. the evangelist, reveals the Logos,
ii. 395, and note. The disputed passage
in his gospel on the "three witnesses,"
iv. 146, and notes.

vi. 82.

John, St., Christians of, in the territory of
Bassora, v. 460, and note.

John, St. Knights of. See Jerusalem.
John the Sanguinary, seizes the Gothic
treasures in Picenum, iv. 421. Obliges
Vitiges to raise the siege of Rome, 422.
John, one of the principal officers under
Basiliscus; his heroism, iv. 82.

Johnson, Dr., on English words of British
extraction, iv. 224, note. His bigotry,
vi. 405, note. Criticism on a passage in
his "Irene," vii. 317, note.

Joinville accompanies Louis IX., and has
related the events, vi. 506, and notes.
Jonas, of Damascus, his adventures, vi. 35.
Jonas, bishop of Orleans, censures the
tyranny of the nobles, iv. 195, note.
Jordan, character of his work, De Origi
nibus Sclavicis, vi. 258, note.
Jornandes abridged the history of the Goths
by Cassiodorus, i. 302; iv. 265, note. See
Cassiodorus.

Jortin, Dr., his examination of the Arian
controversy, ii. 410, note.

Joseph the Carizmian, governor of Berzem,
kills the sultan Alp Arslan, vi. 378.
Joseph, the patriarch, supposed to be the
Apis and Serapis of the Egyptians, iii,
285, note.

Joseph, patriarch of Constantinople, ab-
solves the emperor Michael from the
excomunication of Arsenius, vii. 63. Dis-
sents from the union of the two churches,
and withdraws to a monastery, 66.
Josephs of Amida, Nestorians, reconciled
to Rome, v. 261.

Josephus, the mention of Jesus Christ in
his history a forgery, ii. 105, note. His
opinion that Plato derived knowledge
from the Jews, controverted, 392, note.
Josephus, the false, his fables, ii. 90, note.
Journeys of the Roman nobles, described
by Ammianus Marcellinus, iii. 410.
Jovian is elected emperor by the troops of
Julian, on their retreat from Assyria, iii.
44. His treaty with Sapor, 47. Pro-
claims universal toleration, 60. His
death, 63.

Jovians. See Herculians.

Jovinian, persecuted by Jerome, and ba-

nished for heresy, iii. 347, and notes.
Jovinus, a general in Julian's army, ii. 479.
Besieges Aquileia, 485. A member of
the tribunal at Chalcedon, 493. Serves
under Valentinian, iii. 94. Consul, 95.
Jovinus, a general in the time of Honorius,
assumes the diadem at Mentz, iii. 464.
Invests his brother, Count Sebastian,
with the purple, 465. They are defeated
and slain by Adolphus, ib. 468.
Jovius, a title of Diocletian, i. 425.
Jovius, a general in Julian's army, ii. 479.