the schism of the West, vii. 429. Com- |
mences the restoration of Rome, 468.
Martin, an abbot, succeeds Fulk of Neuilly
as crusade-missionary, vi. 543, note.
Leaves the crusaders at Zara, 546, note.
Martina marries her uncle the emperor
Heraclius, v. 178, 289. Endeavours to
share the imperial dignity with her sons,
290. Her fate, 291.

Martinianus receives the title of Cæsar
from the emperor Licinius, i. 520.
Martyrs, primitive, their true history, ii.
86. Inducements to martyrdom, 126.
Three methods of escaping it, 130. Marks
by which learned Catholics distinguish
the relics of the martyrs, 119, note. Era
of, 143, note. Legendary martyrdoms,
167. The worship of, introduced, iii. 297.
Mary, Virgin, fables respecting the place of
her burial, her tomb, and assumption, v.
219, and note; 361. Her portrait, 364.
Her immaculate conception borrowed
from the Koran, 472.

Mary, queen of Bulgaria, niece of Michael
Palæologus, joins his enemies, vii. 68.
Mascezel, brother of Gildo, takes refuge in
the court of Honorius, iii. 327. Is en-
trusted with troops to reduce Gildo, 328.
Defeats him, 330. His death, 331.
Massagete, invade Persia, ii. 277. Their
early history, iv. 305, note.

Massoud, son of Mahmud the Gaznevide,
vi. 365.

Master of the offices, under Constantine
the Great, his functions, ii. 223.
Masters-general, of the cavalry and in-
fantry, their duties, ii. 215. Power of the
office in the hands of Alaric, iii. 344.
Maternus, his revolt and conspiracy against
the emperor Commodus, i. 118.
Mathasnintha, granddaughter of Theodoric,

marries Germanus, iv. 431, note; 520, note.
Matron, meaning of the word among the
Romans, v. 52, note.
Matthew, St., his gospel originally com-
posed in Hebrew, i. 69, note, v. 200,
note. The want of this original record
often felt, ii. 86, note; v. 58, note.
Matthias Corvinus. See Huniades.
Maurice, his birth, character, and promo-
tion to the empire, v. 112. Restores
Chosroes II., 149. Said to have given
his daughter in marriage to the Persian
monarch, 152, note. His wars against
the Avars, 157. State of his armies, 159.
His abdication and death, 163.
Mauringania, mentioned as an ancient
seat of the Franks, i. 321, note.
Mauritania, ancient, its situation and ex-
tent, i. 33. Invaded by a body of Franks,
324. Vanquished by Maximian, 435. Its
villages peopled by Donatists, ii. 454.
Its condition at the arrival of the Vandals,
iii. 532, and note. Reconquered by Be-
lisarius and Solomon, iv. 38. Subdued
by the Saracens, vi. 37.

Maxentius, the son of Maximian, declared
emperor at Rome, i. 479. His tyranny
in Italy and Africa, 490. Opposes Con-
stantine, 493. His defeat and death, 500.
His politic humanity to the Christians,
ii. 160.

Maximian, trained in the school of Aure-
lian and Probus, i. 399. Colleague of
Diocletian, his character, 423. Overcomes
the Bagaudæ of Gaul, 427, and the insur-
gents of Mauritania, 435. Triumphs
with Diocletian, 450. Holds his court
at Milan, 451. Abdicates the empire
with Diocletian, 462. He resumes the
purple, 479. Reduces Severus, and
puts him to death, 481. His second
resignation, and unfortunate end, 484.
His aversion to the Christians, ii. 147,
159.
Maximilianus, the African, a Christian
martyr, ii. 147.

Maximin, the Thracian, his birth, fortune,
and elevation to the empire of Rome,
i. 217. His cruelty, 220. His advance
towards Italy, 231. His death, 235.
Why deemed a persecutor of the Chris-
tians, ii. 137.

Maximin, surnamed Daza, nephew of Gale-
rius, promoted to the rank of Cæsar, i.
471. Exacts that of Augustus, 484.
Divides the Eastern provinces with Li-
cinius, 488. Commences war against
him, 503. His defeat, flight and death,
504. His cruelty to the wife and daugh-
ter of Diocletian, 506. Supports heathen-
ism by a system copied from the policy
of the church, ii. 165. Issues an edict
of persecution, 166. Which he sus-
pends, 167.

Maximin, the cruel minister of the emperor
Valentinian, promoted to the prefecture
of Gaul, iii. 80. Obtains the government
of Valeria for his son, 130.
Maximin, his embassy from Theodosius the
Younger to Attila, iii. 569.
Maximianists, a section of Donatists, ii.
391.

Maximus Papienus, and Balbinus elected
joint emperors by the senate, on the
deaths of the two Gordians, i. 229. Their
discord, 239. Are put to death, 240.
Maximus, a rival of Gregory Nazianzen,
iii. 225.

Maximus, his character and revolt in

Britain, iii. 214. Invades Gaul, and is
said to have colonized Armorica with
Britons, 215, and note. His treaty with
the emperor Theodosius, 218. Persecutes
the Priscillianists, 233. His invasion of
Italy, 242. His defeat and death, 246.
Maximus, the Neo-Platonist, gains an as-
cendancy over Julian, ii. 506, note. Ini-
tiates him into the mysteries of Eleusis,
515. Is invited by him to Constanti
nople, 527. Attended him on his Persian
expedition, iii. 42. Dismissed by Valen-

tinian on payment of a small fine, 48,
note.

Maximus, proclaimed emperor by Gerontius,

iii. 461. His death, 462.

Maximus, Petronius, his wife ravished by
Valentinian III., iv. 39. His character
and elevation to the empire, 44. Marries
the widow of Valentinian, 45. His death,
46.

Maximus, an abbot, friend of pope Martin
I., inhumanly mutilated by the emperor
Constans II., v. 251.

Maximus, Julius Verus, son of the tyrant
Maximin, slain with his father, i. 235.
Maximus, colleague of Lupicinus in the
government of Thrace, iii. 170.
Mazdak, a Persian fanatic, iv. 461.
Mebodes, the Persian general, ungratefully
treated by Chosroes, iv. 463.
Mebodes, a Persian general under Chosroes
II., v. 150.

Mecca, its situation and description, v. 442.
The Caaba, or temple of, 456. Its deli-
verance from Abrahah, 463. Mahomet
opposed there, 487. His flight, 488. The
city surrendered to Mahomet, 501. All
unbelievers excluded, 502. Is pillaged
by Abu Taher, vi. 169. Attacked by Re-
ginald de Chatillon, 497.

Mechanics, captive, prized by the Huns,
iii. 563. Nestorian, assist in making
engines of war for the Mongols, vii. 125,
note.

Medals, commemorative of private events,
mistaken for ancient coins, iii. 540, note.
Media, its tribes implore the protection of
Trajan, i. 7. The summer residence of
the Persian monarchs, 264. Invaded by
the Huns, iii. 556, and note. The scene
of Bahram's revolt, v. 145, 150. Of the
exploits of Heraclius, 184.

Mediana, a castle near Naissus, iii. 69.
Medicine, captives skilled in, favoured by
the Huns, iii. 563. Cultivated by the
Arabians, vi. 149. Studied in the school
of Salerno, 319.

Medicis, Cosmo de', receives Pletho in his
house, vii. 254. The father of a line of
princes, 256. Lorenzo de', patron of
literature, ib. John, see Leo X.
Medina described, v. 442. Receives Ma-
homet on his flight from Mecca, 489.
His burial there, 509.
Mediterranean Sea, encompassed by the
Roman empire, i. 33. Its commerce
divided between Venice, Genoa, and
Pisa, vi. 539.

Megalesia, the Roman festival, i. 118, note.
Melchites, or royalists, an eastern sect, v.
254.

Meletians, an Egyptian sect, founded by
Meletius bishop of Lycopolis, ii. 427, note.
Meletius, bishop of Antioch, his contest,
and death, iii. 229.

Melisenda, daughter of Baldwin II., king of
Jerusalem, marries Fulk of Anjou, vi. 495.
VOL. VII.

Melitene, battle of, between the Eastern
emperor Tiberius and Chosroes, king of
Persia, v. 139. Paulicians at, vi. 245.
Mellobaudes (or Merobaudes), king of the
Franks and count of the Domestics, pro-
tects Romanus, iii. 117. Nominates
Valentinian II., 135. Serves under Gra-
tian, 181. Put to death by Maximus,
217. Said to have betrayed Gratian, ib.,

note.

Melo, revolts, and invites the Normans
into Italy, vi. 302. His death, 304.
Melphi, the common city and citadel of the
Normans in Apulia, vi. 307.

Memnon, historian of Heraclea, v. 9, note.
Memnon, bishop of Ephesus, v. 218.
Memnon, human actors introduced into his
hollow statue, iii. 288.

Memphis, its situation and reduction by the
Saracens, vi. 57, and notes.

Mengo Timour, third khan of Kipzak, vii,
136.

Mensurius, bishop of Carthage, ii. 162.
Mentz, or Moguntiacum, surprised by the
Allemanni, iii. 95. Plundered by the
Barbarians, 374. Jovinus revolts there,
464. Stormed by the Huns, iv. 15, note.
Massacre and pillage of the Jews by
crusaders, vi. 415.

Merab, or Meriaba. See Mariaba.
Merida (Emerita built by Augustus for his
veteran legions), taken by the Saracens,
vi, 97.

Mermeroes, the Persian General, v. 488.
Merobaudes. See Mellobaudes.
Merobaudes, celebrated Etius in his verse;
discovery of his works, iv. 39, note.
Meroveus, king of the Franks, iv. 9, note.
Implores the protection of Rome, 12.
Serves under Etius at Chalons, 18.
Watches the retreat of Attila, 25.
Merovingian kings of the Franks in Gaul,
iv. 9. Origin of their gold coinage, 180, and
note. Their kingdom extended beyond
the limits of modern France, 181. Their
laws, 184. Their domain and benefices,
193. Did not oppress Gaul, 203. Their
liberal policy, 204 Decay of their line,
v. 408. The last of their race, lazy or
fainéans, vi. 127.

Merseburg in Saxony, defeat of the Hunga-
rians by Henry the Fowler, vi. 271.
Merseburg, or Messburg, in Hungary, de-

struction of crusaders, vi. 415, note.
Mervan I, while secretary to Othman, be-
trays him, v. 521, note.

Meroan II., the last of the house of Om-
miyah, his defeat and death, vi. 186, and
note.

Mesopotamia, conquered by Trajan, i. 8.
Invaded by the Persians, 242. Osrhoene,
its northern part, formed permanently
into a Roman province, 265. Artaxerxes
unable to conquer it, 268. The southern
part ravaged by Carus, 411. Campaign
of Galerius, 442. The claims of Persia

2 N

relinquished, 448. Invaded by Sapor, ii.
272. Resistance of its fortified towns,
275; march of Julian over its sandy
plains, iii. 18. Its strongest fortresses
dismembered from the empire by the
treaty of Dura, 48. Amida made the
capital of the remaining province, 54.
Two indecisive campaigns of the Romans
and Persians, 520. Manoeuvre of Beli-
sarius, iv. 474. Its fortresses taken and
destroyed by Chosroes II., v. 170. Re-
covered by Heraclius, 188. Conquered
by the Saracens, vi. 53. A new pro-
vince to the west of the Euphrates, 186.
Part of it acquired by Baldwin, 444.
Taken by Zenghi, 487. Over-run by the
Mongols, vii. 128. By Timour, 165.
Messala, Valerius, the first prefect of Rome,
his high character, ii. 207, note.
Messala, governor of Pannonia, prevents
the capture of the princess Constantia,
iii, 131.

Messiah, what character expected by the
Jews, ii. 8. How regarded by the early
Christians, 367. As a pure man by the
Ebionites, v. 199. Supposed to be ani-
mated by the soul of Adam, 201. Held by
the Docetes to be a pure spirit, 203. The
two opinions combined by Cerinthus,
205. See Christ, Christianity, and Logos.
Mesrobes, inventor of the Armenian letters,
iii. 521, note.

Mesuah, an Arabian master of medicine, vi.
149.

Metals and money, their operation in im-

proving the human mind, i. 281.
Metaurus, a river of Umbria, i. 367, note.
Metellus Numidicus, the censor, his invec-

tive against women, i. 190, note. The
honours of his family, 199, note.
Methodius, bishop of Tyre, his dialogue of
the Ten Virgins, ii. 46, note.
Methone, now Modon, a port in Pelopon-
nesus, iii, 137, note. Where Belisarius
took in fresh supplies, iv. 369. Ceded to
Venice in the division of the empire, vii.
5, note.

Metius Falconius, persuades Tacitus to be
emperor, i. 391.

Metrophanes of Cyzicus, is made patriarch
of Constantinople, vii. 264.
Metz, plundered by Attila, iv. 15.

Michael I. Rhangabe, emperor of Constan-
tinople, v. 307. Is deposed, 308. Perse-
cuted the Paulicians, vi. 242.
Michael II. the Stammerer, v. 306, 308, 310.
Michael III. v. 314. His extravagance,

315. Is defeated by the Paulicians, vi.
244. Is murdered, v. 316.
Michael IV. the Paphlagonian, v. 331. His
death, 332.

Michael V. Calaphates, v. 331. He is de-
posed, 332.

Michael VI. Stratioticus, v. 333. Becomes
a monk, 334.

Michael VII., Ducas, surnamed Parapi-

naces, v. 335. Resigns the crown, and
becomes archbishop of Ephesus, 337.
Michael VIII., Palæologus. See Palao-
logus.

Michael IX., Palæologus. See Palæologus.
Michael, a natural son of Constantine An-
gelus, founds the Despotat of Epirus,
vii. 12.

Michael Cerularius, patriarch of Constan-
tinople, excommunicated by pope Leo IX.,
vi. 527.

Michaelis gives a natural solution of the
mysterious events that obstructed the
rebuilding of the temple at Jerusalem, ii.
537, note.

Middleton, Dr., his Free Inquiry, ii. 37,
and notes.

Milan, the imperial court of the West,
transferred to that city, i. 451. Edict
of Constantine, in favour of the Chris-
tians, published there, ii. 342. Ambrose
archbishop, iii. 236. Tumults occasioned
by his refusing a church for Arian wor
ship, 237. Taken by Attila, iv. 27. Sub-
mits to Belisarius, 420. Is taken and
destroyed by the Burgundians, 425. Is
again destroyed by Frederic I., v. 428.
Its duke protects Genoa, and is styled
Lord of Pera, vii. 114. Its first Duke
John Galeazzo Visconte, 213, and note.
Its duke (Philip Maria) the enemy of
pope Eugenius, iv. 225. Its Carroccio in
the Capitol of Rome, 371, and note. See
Councils.

Miles (Soldier), used by the Romans with
different meanings, i. 14, note.
Military force, its strength and efficacy
dependent on a due proportion to the
number of the people, ì. 134.

Military officers of the Republic, i. 16,
note. Of the empire at the time of Con-
stantine the Great, ii. 215. Of the Lower
Empire, vi. 202.

Millennium, doctrine of the, ii. 30.
Millet, a food of the Sarmatians, iv. 447,
and note.

Miltiades, an early philosophical convert
to Christianity, ii. 81, note.

Milton, his list of the Syrian and Arabian
deities, ii. vi. note. His allusion to the
spicy odors of the Sabæan coast, v. 438,

note.

Mincius, a river of Italy, iii. 350. Flows
through lake Benacus, iv. 32, and note.
Minervina, first wife of Constantine, and
mother of Crispus, ii. 249.
Mines, used in sieges, at Petra, iv. 486.
With gunpowder, vii. 309, and note.
Mingrelia. See Colchis.

Minority, two kinds of, in the Roman law,
iii. 320, note. Its term, v. 61, and note.
Mint, at Rome, sedition of the workmen, i.

383. None in Britain during the Roman
times, ii. 227, and note.

Minucius Felix, described the popular sen-
timents of his age, ii. 92, and note. His