note. His birth, promotion, and charac- ter, vi. 490. Conquers the kingdom of Jerusalem, 498. His ineffectual siege of Tyre, 500. Siege of Acre, 501. His ne- gotiations with Richard I. of England, 506. His death, 507.
Saladine tenth, origin and perpetuation of the tax, vi. 509.
Salamis, given to Venice in the division of
the empire, vii. 5, note.
Salhan, a Persian town, surprised by Hera- clius, v. 185.
Saleph. See Calycadnus.
Salerno, origin of its school of medicine, vi. 149. A Lombard principality, 295. Besieged by the Saracens, 299. Defeuded by Norman knights, 302, note. Con- quered by Robert Guiscard, 317. Ac- count of its school, 318. Resists the Byzantine general Palæologus, 348. Salians, or Salic Franks, settled in Toxan- dria, ii. 331. Clovis, their king, iv. 159. their laws, 188. Origin of the different tenures of their lands, 194, and note. Salices. See Battles.
Sallust, his attachment to Julian, and service in Gaul, ii. 325. Removed by Constantius, 467. Appointed by Julian prætorian prefect of Gaul, 479. His colleague in the consulship, 493,
Sallust (Secundus Sallustius, Amm. Marc.), prefect of the East, president of the tri- bunal of Chalcedon, ii. 493, and note. Announces to the dying Julian the fate of Anatolius, iii. 42. Refuses the offered diadem, 44. Sent to negotiate with Sapor, 47. Again refuses the empire on the death of Jovian, 64. Approves the elec- tion of Valentinian, 65. Proposes an important proclamation, 66. Retained in the public service, 68. Dismissed by Valeus, 71. Restored to oppose the re- bellion of Procopius, 73.
Sallust, the historian, his palace and gar- dens on the Quirinal hill, fii. 443, and note. Gives a wrong origin to the kings of Pontus, vi. 240, note.
Salona, Diocletian's retirement there, i. 463. See Spalatro. Belisarius assembles his army there, for his second Italian cam- paign, iv. 507.
Salvian, of Marseilles, denounces the abo- minations of Carthage, iii. 543. Deplores the corrupt state of Gaul, iv. 41, note. And the distress caused by the rebellion of the Bagaudæ, 42, note.
Salvius, Julian, prepares the Perpetual Edict of Hadrian, v. 17, and note. Samanides, the Saracen dynasty, their rise, vi. 172. Their overthrow, 359. Samara, on the Tigris, Jovian's encamp- ment, iii. 44, and note. Contains the tombs of the last Imams of the race of Ali, v. 530, note. The caliph Motassem removes there from Bagdad, vi. 166.
Samarcand, Nestorian missionaries preach there, v. 260. Conquered by the Sara- cens, vi. 21. Paper carried thence to Mecca, ib. note. Taken by the Turks, 358. Seljuk's encampment, 367. Reduced by Malek Shah, 380. Taken by the Mon- gols, vii. 122. The first seat of Timour's empire, 162. Threatened by Toctamish, and saved by Timour, 166 Scene of his triumph and magnificence, 186. Samaritans, persecuted by Justinian, v. 244. Samoyedes, known to the Mongols, vii. 132. Samuel, the Judge of Israel, his ashes con- veyed to Constantinople, iii. 298. Sanctuary, the ancient privilege transferred to Christian temples by Theodosius II., ii. 379, Respected by the Goths at the taking of Rome, iii. 439. Affords a re- fuge to Eutropius, 495.
Sand used by Mahometans for their ablu- tions, in a scarcity of water, v. 478; vi. 24, and note.
Sangian, the last hero of the Seljukian race in Persia, vi. 487.
Sangiban, king of the Alani, promises to betray Orleans to Attila, iv. 16. Stationed by Atius in the centre of his line, at Chalons, 21.
Sapaudia. See Savoy.
Saphadin, brother of Saladin, proposed marriage between him and the sister of Richard I., vi. 508. Usurps the throne of Egypt, 509. Dies of grief after the loss of Damietta, 510, note.
Sapor I. inherits Persia from his father, Artaxerxes, i. 268. Assassinates Chos- roes, and seizes Armenia, 336. Defeats Valerian and takes him prisoner, 337. Captures Antioch, 338. Overcomes Syria and Cilicia, 339. Insults and is defeated by Odenathus, 340, 372. Modern Per- sians ignorant of his victory, 341, note. His death, 377, and note.
Sapor II., the son of Hormouz, is crowned king of Persia before his birth, ii. 270. His character and early heroism, 271. Harasses the eastern provinces of the Roman empire, 273. Battle of Singara against Constantius, 274. His sou killed, 275. His attempts on Nisibis, 276. Con- cludes a truce with Constantius, 277. His haughty propositions to Constantius, 314. Invades Mesopotamia, 316. duces Amida, 319. Returns home, 319.
His peaceful overtures to the emperor Julian, iii. 4. His consternation at the successes of Julian, 32. Harasses the retreat of the Romans, 37. His treaty with the emperor Jovian, 48. His re- duction of Armenia, and death, 120, 122. Sapor III., under the guardianship of Ar- taxerxes, sends a friendly embassy to Theodosius, iii. 122, and note.
Saracens, serve in the army of Valens, iii. 189. Origin and meaning of the name, v. 446, note. See Arabians.
Saragossa, a mosch erected at, by the, Koreish, vi. 97. Its emir implores the protection of Charlemagne, v. 409. Sarbar commands the Persian army at Chalcedon, v. 186. Procures the depo- sition of Chosroes II. 189. Sarbaraza surprised by Heraclius at Salban, v. 185.
Sardes, one of the seven churches of Asia, ii. 71. Its present state, vii. 142. Sardica, conference held there between Constantius and Vetranio, ii. 283. Plun- dered by Attila, iii. 558. See Councils. Sardinia, an appendage of the Roman em- pire, i. 34. Subdued by the Vandals, iv. 71. Recovered by Marcellinus, 80. Again conquered by Genseric, 83. Re- volts under Godas, 362. Zano, Gelímer's brother, sent to reduce it, 370. success, 377. The island is surrendered to an officer of Belisarius, 380. Three thousand persons accused of poisoning, v. 78, note. Remains independent of the Lombards, 118.
Sarmatians (Sarmatæ, or Sauromatæ), mis- taken by Ovid for Goths, i. 47, note. Not Scythians, 270, and note. Ignorance of the Greeks respecting them, ib., note. Distinguished from Goths, 310. Defeated by Carus, 410. Allies of the Goths, and defeated by Constantine, 515. Games instituted to celebrate this victory, ib., note. Manners of the people, ii. 259. The same as Slavonians; their progress westward, 262, note. Assisted by Con- stantine against the Goths, 263. Pu- nished for their ingratitude, 265. Esta- blished by Constantius in the Lesser Poland, 311. See Slavonians.
Sarukhan, a Turkish chieftain, conquers in Anatolia, vii. 141.
Sarus invades the camp of Stilicho, iii. 387. Is received at Ravenna, 438. Deserts Honorius, joins Jovinus, and is killed by Adolphus, 465.
Sarus, a river of Cilicia, where Heraclius defeated the Persians, v. 185. Sasima, bishopric given to Gregory of Na- zianzus, iii. 223.
Sassanides, their dynasty founded in Persia,
i 249, and note. Its extinction, vi. 20. Satalia, a seaport of Pamphylia, where Louis VII. sheltered the relics of his army, vi. 481.
Satraps, Parthian nobles, their privileges abolished by Artaxerxes, i. 261, Origin of their power in the first Persian empire, 265, and note.
Saturninus, one of the Thirty Tyrants, re- luctantly opposes Gallienus, i. 345. Saturninus, driven into rebellion against Probus, i. 405.
Saturninus, a minister of Arcadius, sacri- ficed to Gainas, iii. 497.
Saturninus, count of the domestics, assas- sinated by order of Eudocia, iii. 518.
Saul, a veteran general of Theodosins, serves under Stilicho, iii. 353. Sauromaces, king of Armenia, iii. 121. Sauzes, son of Amurath I., his rebellion, vii. 155.
Savage nations, generally indolent and care- less, i. 281. Uniform in their character and manners, iii. 140.
Savoy (Sapandia), part of ancient Gaul, i 24. Assigned to the Burgundians, iv. 6. See Anne and Felix V.
Savelli, a Roman family, of Sabine race, vii. 386.
Saxa Rubra. See Battles. Saxons, mentioned as assailants of the coast of Britain, in the time of Diocletian, i. 428, note. Not known to Tacitus, iii. 101; iv. 226, note. Found in Ptolemy's map, iii. 101. Their origin and etymo- logy of their name, 102, note. Their habits of naval war, 103. Afflicted the maritime provinces of Gaul in the reign of Valentinian, 105. Unite with the Scots and Picts in molesting Britain, 111. Are repelled by Theodosius, 112. Their conversion to Christianity, iv. 133; v. 133, 405, note. Their conquest of Britain, iv. 212. Importance of the event, 213, note. Establishment of their separate kingdoms, called the Heptarchy, 215. Their Bretwalda, 216, note. Their al- leged ferocity and desolation of the land, 223. Gave their language to the country, 224. Fables respecting them, 230. In Germany, allies of the Lombards, v. 101. Conquered by Charlemagne, iv. 225, note; v. 404, note. Their character drawn by Luitprand, vi. 223.
Scabini, or assessors under the Merovin- gian race, iv. 189, note.
Scanderbeg, prince of Albania, his history, vii. 279.
Scarponna, the Allemanni defeated by Jo- vinus, iii. 94.
Scatinian law of the Romans, v. 86. Scaurus, the patrician family, reduced under the emperors, ii. 204, note. Marcus, author of a law which forbade the Ro- mans to eat glires, v. 413, note. Scepticism, prevalent among pagans, ii. 67. Sceptre. See Dicanice.
Schism in religion, its origin, ii. 16. Schools, civil and military, under the mas ter of the offices, ii. 222. Derivation of the word, and import of it in the time of Charlemagne, v. 389, note.
Science reducible to four classes, vi. 146. Selavonians. See Slavonians. Sclerena, mistress of Constantine Mono- machus, v. 332.
Sclerus, Bardas, rebels against Basil II., is defeated and pardoned, v. 329. Scodra (now Scutari, in Albania), treaty between its prince and the first crusa- ders, vi. 423, and note. Included in Scanderbeg's principality, vii. 282, note.
Scots, distinguished from the Picts, as men of the hills, iii. 107. See Picts. Scribonianus took up arms in Dalmatia against Claudius, i. 97, note. Scrinia, public offices of the empire, ii. 224, and note.
Scriptures, Christian, delivered to the Churches in the time of Hadrian, ii. 18, note. Composed in Greek, at a consider. able distance from Jerusalem, and trans- lated into Latin, 70. Ordered by Diocle- tian to be publicly burned, 152. Versions of them in oriental dialects, v. 254, note. Scriptures, Hebrew, translated into Greek, ii. 3, note. Rejected by the Gnostics, 15. Scyrri, a tribe of Huns, defeated by the prefect Anthemius, iii. 512, and note. Formed part of the army of confederates in Italy, iv. 95.
Scythians (Skutha), a corrupted and mis- pronounced form of Gothi (Goths), i. 303, note. Used by the Greeks to designate tribes, which are called Goths by Jor- nandes and Latin writers, 335, note. Erroneously applied to Tartars, iii. 139, note. See Mongols and Tartars. Sebaste, or Siwas, destroyed by Timour, vii. 173.
Sebastian, son-in-law of count Boniface, his persecution by Etius, adventures and fate, iv. 2, and note.
Sebastian, appointed duke of Egypt by Constantius, to banish Athanasius, and make George of Cappadocia patriarch, ii. 441. Sent by Julian with a detachment of his army to Nisibis, iii. 13. Fails to accomplish the object of his march, 31. Serves under Valentinian against the Allemanni, 96. Promoted by Valens to the rank of master-general of the in- fantry, 183. Surprises and defeats the Goths, ib. Is killed in the battle of Hadrianople, 187. Sebastian, invested with the purple by his brother Jovinus, iii. 465. Put to death by Adolphus, 468. Sebastocrator, a title invented by Alexius Comnenus for his brother Isaac, vi. 199. Given by John Comnenus to his brother, v. 342.
Sebectagi, father of Mahmud the Gaznevide, vi. 358.
Secular Games. See Games. Secundinus, duke of Osrhoene, commands Julian's rearguard, iii. 17. Secutor, the adversary of the Retiarius in the Roman circus, i. 125, and note. Seez, cruelty practised on the bishop and his chapter by Geoffrey Plantagenet, vii. 348, note.
Segestan maintains its independence for many years against Persia, i. 261, note.
An ally of Sapor at the siege of Amida, ii. 318, and note.
Segjah, an Arabian prophetess, vi. 3, note. Segued, a surname of the kings of Abys-
sinia, v. 281, note. Transactions of one of them with the church of Rome, 282, notes.
Seid Bechar predicts the fall of Constan- tinople, vii. 198, and note.
Sejanus, allowed to remain in the Senate,
contrary to established rule, i. 177, note. Selden, his pithy sentence on Transubstan tiation, v. 359, note. His account of Valvassors, 527, note. Of the word gen- tleman, vi. 425, note.
Seleucia, capital of the Macedonian king. dom of the Seleucidês, its situation and history, i. 263. Its ruins, iii. 28. Formed with Ctesiphon the Al Madayn of the Arabs, vi. 13, note. See Ctesiphon. Seleucia, in Isauria (or Cilicia). Defended by three legions against the Isaurians, ii. 303. See Councils.
Seleucides, their era still used in the East, i. 249, note; 260, note. Seleucus Nicator, cities built by him, i. 260, and note. Europus founded by him ou the ruins of Ragæ, v. 143, note. Seleucus, Mount, Magnentius finally de- feated there, ii. 290, and note.
Selge, Tribigild defeated there, iii. 492. Its history, ib., note.
Selim I., by treaty left the Mamelukes in possession of Egypt, vi. 519, and note. Seljuk, the father of the Seljukian dynasty, vi. 367, and note.
Seljukians, establishment of their empire by Togrul Beg, vi. 368. Extended by Alp Arslan, 371. Civilized by Malek Shah, 381. Divided by his sons, 383. Foundation of the kingdom of Roum, 384; 439, note. Conquest of Jerusalem, 388. Contests with the crusaders, 417, and note; 439, 482, and note. Decline of their power, 453. Isolated state of Roum, 474. Extirpated by the Moguls, vii. 128.
Selybria (Selymbria) its situation, iv. 538, note. Allotted to John Palæologus, vii. 156. Taken by Mahomet II., 302. Semiramis, said to have introduced the use of eunuchs, ii. 292, note. The temple of Mecca supposed to be coeval with her, v. 456, note.
Semno, the most renowned of the Lygians, taken by Probus, i. 400.
Senate of Rome, loss of its power and dignity, i. 79. Remodelled by Augustus, 80. Refused to accept his resignation, 81. Allowed by him to govern the most secure and peaceful provinces, 84. To possess apparent power, 89. Attempts to re-assume its rights after the murder of Caligula, 95. Its conduct on the death of Commodus, and election of Per- tinax, 129. Advocates the imperial pre- rogative of Severus, 161. Supports the Gordians, 226. Elects Maximus and Bal- binus, 229. Defends the empire against the Allemanni, 326. Elects Tacitus, 390.
Its authority revived by him, 392. Re- cognized by Probus, 397. Expired with him, 409. Rendered a useless monu- ment of antiquity by Diocletian, 454. Acknowledges Maxentius as emperor, 479. Constantine promises to restore its dignity and power, 501. The name of Senate given by him to the public council of Constantinople, ii. 195. The distinction of its members personal, not hereditary, 204. That of Rome still permitted to bestow the titles of Imperial power, recognizes Julian, 433. He con- fers on that of Constantinople all the honours and privileges enjoyed by that of Rome, 498. Restores to the latter the altar of Victory, iii. 276. It is re- moved by Gratian, ib. Discussion and vote for the suppression of paganism, 279. Debates on the demands of Alaric, and propositions of Stilicho, 383. His widow, Serena, sentenced to death, 424. Attalus elected emperor, 434. The trial of Arvandus closed its jurisdiction in Gaul, iv. 85. Support given to Anthe- mius, 92. Surrender of Italy to Zeno, emperor of the East, 98. The Senate of Rome extinguished, 527. Legislative power exercised by it in the time of Tiberius, v. 15. Restored by Arnold of Brescia, vii. 358. Its number and powers, 362.
Senator of Rome, the magistrate or go- vernor in the thirteenth century. See Rome. Senators of Rome, required to possess landed property in Italy, i. 43, note. Per- secuted by Commodus, 106. The dignity exposed by him to public sale, 119. For- bidden by Gallienus to exercise any military employment, 326. Their auri oblatio to the emperors, ii. 243, note. Their genealogy, iii. 399. Wealth, 402. Manners and character, 405. Seneca, in his account of great phenomena does not mention the darkness at the time of the crucifixion, ii. 85. His de- clamation against the avarice and luxury of the Romans, and his alleged loan to Britons, iii. 403, and note. His theory of comets, v. 545, note. Seniors, Signors, or Lords, appellation given to the provincial land-owners in the time of the Merovingians, iv. 195. Ex- pressed originally the same idea as priest and alderman in other languages, vii. 358, note.
Sens, Decentius surrounded there by an army of Germans, ii. 290. Julian be- sieged there on his first arrival in Gaul, 326.
Septem, besieged by Theudes, iv. 392, and note. See Ceuta.
Septimania, the southern part of Gaul along the Mediterranean, retained by the Visigoths, iv. 178, 181. Conquered
by the Arabs, vi. 128. Recovered by Pepin, v. 408.
Septizonium of Severus, celebrated by Pe- trarch, vii. 446. Furnished stones for building St. Peter's church, 456. Serai, a city built by Batou in the desert, vii. 131. Destroyed by Timour, 168. Serapeum, temple of Serapis at Alexandria, destroyed by Theophilus, iii. 286. Con. tained one of the great libraries; its fate, 288; vi. 66, note. Serapion, a monk, laments his conversion from anthropomorphism, v. 205, and
Serapis, his worship brought from Pontus into Egypt, iii. 285. See Isis and Sera- pœum.
Serena, daughter of Honorius, brother of Theodosius, marries Stilicho, iii. 318. Accused of taking a necklace from the statue of Vesta, 389. Sentenced to death by the senate, 424. Sergiopolis. See Rasaphe. Sergius, nephew of Solomon, his misconduct in Africa, iv. 400. Conspires against Justinian, 540.
Sergius, a saint of Antioch, venerated by Chosroes II., v. 152.
Sergius, patriarch of Constantinople, con sulted by Heraclius on the Monothelite doctrine, v. 250.
Sergius, teacher of the Paulicians, vi, 242. Seriphus, an island of the Egean Sea, a
place of exile, i. 109, and note. Serjeants, origin and meaning of the term, Serjabil, saved by Caled at Bostra, vi. 24. vi. 552, and note.
Seronatus, punished for offering to betray Auvergne, iv. 88.
Serranus, his friendship for Petronius Max- imus reproved by Sidonius Apollinaris, iv. 44, note.
Servetus, murdered by Calvin, ii. 173, note; vi. 252, and note. History of his book, 253, note.
Servians, overthrown by the Bulgarians, vi. 261.
Servius Tullius, his division of the Romans into classes, iii. 361, note. Author of the Civil Law, v. 4. Servius. See Sulpicius.
Servius, error respecting a passage in his Sesostris, said to have left a colony of his Commentary on Virgil, v. 32, note. soldiers in Colchis, iv. 478, note. To have built a "long wall" from Pelusium to Heliopolis, v. 449, note.
Sestus, opposite to Abydus, on the Helles- pont, ii. 181, and notes.
Seven provinces of Gaul, iii, 480, and note. Seven churches of Asia, ii. 71, and note. See Churches.
Seven Sleepers of Ephesus, the fable, iii.
545. Embellished in the Koran, 546, note. Severa, first wife of Valentinian I., iii. 184. By William of Malmesbury, vi. 329, note.
Severianus, son of Fl. Val. Severus, put to death by Licinius, i. 505. Severina Ulpia, daughter of Ulpius Crinitus,
married to Aurelian, i. 360. Severini, San, an illustrious Neapolitan family, of which Pomponius Lætus is said to have been an illegitimate scion, iii. 390, note.
Severinus, a popular saint of Noricum, iv.
97. Translation of his relics to Naples, 101, and note.
Severus, Septimius, his wall between Edin- burgh and Dumbarton, i. 5, note. Pro- claimed emperor, 144. His abilities and government, 149. Overcomes Pescennius Niger, 150, and Clodius Albinus, 152. Remodels the Prætorian guards, 158. Rules by his arbitary will, 161. Marries Julia Domna, 163. His campaign in Britain, 165. His death, 167. State of the Christians during his reign, ii. 135. Severus, Alexander. See Alexander. Severus, Flavius Valerius, promoted to the rank of Cæsar, i. 471. To that of Augustus, 476. Deceived by the arts of Maximian, 480. Put to death, 481.
Severus, Libius, receives the imperial title through Ricimer, 69. His nominal reign and death, ib.
Severus, succeeds Marcellus, as general of Julian's cavalry in Gaul, ii. 326. Severus, Sulpicius, the first to enumerate ten persecutions, ii. 133, note. Severus, patriarch of Antioch, v. 264. Seville, reduced by Muza, vi. 96. Sfetigrade, a fort in Albania, taken by Amu- rath 11., vii. 282.
Shah Mansour, prince of Fars, defeated and slain by Timour, vii. 165. Shawer, the Egyptian vizir, supported by Noureddin, vi. 489. Slain, 491. Sheibani Khan, brother of Batou, plants a Mongol colony at Tobolskoy, vii. 132. Sheikhs of Arabia, their dignity hereditary, v. 447.
Shepherds of the North, their devastations, iii. 140. Of Abyssinia and Arabia. See Berbers and Hyksos.
Shiites, or sectaries, name given to the friends of Ali, v. 520.
Shiracouh, emir of Noureddin, vi. 489. Siberia, contrast between Russian exiles there, and the Jews planted by Ptolemy in Egypt, i. 53, note. Its dreary climate and savage inhabitants, iii. 151. Colo- nized by Mongols, vii. 132. Last retreat of Toctamish, 167.
Sibylline books, consulted by the senate, and recommended by Aurelian, i. 367. Kept by the Quindecimvirs, iii. 273. Burnt by order of Stilicho, 389. Sibylline verses of the Christians, quietly Jaid aside, ii. 84. note. Cited by Con-
stantine, 360, and note.
Sibyl's cave at Cumæ, iv. 530, and note. Sichem, (Neapolis or Naplous), the Samari-
tan city, between the mountains of Bless- ing and of Cursing, v. 245, note. Sicilian Vespers, vii. 73.
Sicily, an island of the empire, i. 34. Pro- duced vines in the time of Homer, 69. Desolated by a servile war, 347. Fur- nished troops to Maxentius, 493. Threat- ened by Alaric, and saved by his death, iii. 452. Conquered by Genseric, iv. 42, 83. Surrendered to Theodoric, 253. Its breed of horses and fertility, 370, note. Subdued by Belisarius, 400. By Totila, 518. Betrayed to the Saracens of Africa by Euphemiius, vi. 157. Silk weavers brought from Greece, 193, 347. Attempts of the Byzantines to recover it, 305. Suc- cess of Maniaces, 306. Conquered by Roger the Norman, 323. Made a king- dom by his son, 343. Reign of his suc- cessors, 352. The sovereignty acquired by the emperor Henry VI, 353. Given by the pope to Charles of Anjou, vii. 69. Who conquers the island, 70. His tyranny provokes revolt and massacre, 74. Trans- ferred to the house of Arragon, 75. Sicorius. See Probus.
Siculi, a tribe among the early settlers in Hungary, vi. 273, note.
Sidon, its manufacture of glass, iii. 405,
note. Its textile fabrics, iv. 310, note. Taken from the Crusaders by Bibars, vi. 520.
Sidonius Apollinaris, his poetical prayer for an alleviation of his tax, ii. 238. De scribes his father-in-law Avitus, and the Gallic nobles, iv. 50, notes. Theodoric II. king of the Ostrogoths, 52. His panegyric on Avitus, 56. On Majorian, 58. Anthemius, 77. His letter to Riothamus, 85. To Arvandus, 86. Sieges and Captures of cities:-
Abyla, by the Arabs, vi. 37. Acre, by the crusaders, vi. 502. by the Mamalukes, 522. Emona, by Maximus, iii. 244. Aleppo, by the Saracens, vi. 47. by the Hamadanites, 173. by the Greeks, 178. by Saladin, 493. by the Mongols, vii. 128. by Timour, 176.
Alexandria, by Diocletian, i. 435. by Amrou, vi. 61.
by the Greeks, 64. by Shiracouh, 490.
Amalphí, by the Pisans, v. 117, note vi. 320.
Amida, by Sapor, ii. 317.
by Cabades, iv. 346.
by Moslemah, vi. 120. Amorium, by Motassem, 164. Ana, by Julian, iii. 18.
Anbar, or Perisabor, by Julian, iii. 22. by Caled, vi. 9.
Anchialus, by Baian, v. 156.
Ancona, by the Germans, vi. 349.
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