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note. His birth, promotion, and charac-
ter, vi. 490. Conquers the kingdom of
Jerusalem, 498. His ineffectual siege of
Tyre, 500. Siege of Acre, 501. His ne-
gotiations with Richard I. of England,
506. His death, 507.

Saladine tenth, origin and perpetuation of
the tax, vi. 509.

Salamis, given to Venice in the division of

the empire, vii. 5, note.

Salhan, a Persian town, surprised by Hera-
clius, v. 185.

Saleph. See Calycadnus.

Salerno, origin of its school of medicine,
vi. 149. A Lombard principality, 295.
Besieged by the Saracens, 299. Defeuded
by Norman knights, 302, note. Con-
quered by Robert Guiscard, 317. Ac-
count of its school, 318. Resists the
Byzantine general Palæologus, 348.
Salians, or Salic Franks, settled in Toxan-
dria, ii. 331. Clovis, their king, iv. 159.
their laws, 188. Origin of the different
tenures of their lands, 194, and note.
Salices. See Battles.

Sallust, his attachment to Julian, and
service in Gaul, ii. 325. Removed
by Constantius, 467. Appointed by
Julian prætorian prefect of Gaul, 479.
His colleague in the consulship, 493,

note.

Sallust (Secundus Sallustius, Amm. Marc.),
prefect of the East, president of the tri-
bunal of Chalcedon, ii. 493, and note.
Announces to the dying Julian the fate
of Anatolius, iii. 42. Refuses the offered
diadem, 44. Sent to negotiate with Sapor,
47. Again refuses the empire on the
death of Jovian, 64. Approves the elec-
tion of Valentinian, 65. Proposes an
important proclamation, 66. Retained
in the public service, 68. Dismissed by
Valeus, 71. Restored to oppose the re-
bellion of Procopius, 73.

Sallust, the historian, his palace and gar-
dens on the Quirinal hill, fii. 443, and note.
Gives a wrong origin to the kings of
Pontus, vi. 240, note.

Salona, Diocletian's retirement there, i. 463.
See Spalatro. Belisarius assembles his
army there, for his second Italian cam-
paign, iv. 507.

Salvian, of Marseilles, denounces the abo-
minations of Carthage, iii. 543. Deplores
the corrupt state of Gaul, iv. 41, note.
And the distress caused by the rebellion
of the Bagaudæ, 42, note.

Salvius, Julian, prepares the Perpetual
Edict of Hadrian, v. 17, and note.
Samanides, the Saracen dynasty, their rise,
vi. 172. Their overthrow, 359.
Samara, on the Tigris, Jovian's encamp-
ment, iii. 44, and note. Contains the
tombs of the last Imams of the race of
Ali, v. 530, note. The caliph Motassem
removes there from Bagdad, vi. 166.

Samarcand, Nestorian missionaries preach
there, v. 260. Conquered by the Sara-
cens, vi. 21. Paper carried thence to
Mecca, ib. note. Taken by the Turks, 358.
Seljuk's encampment, 367. Reduced by
Malek Shah, 380. Taken by the Mon-
gols, vii. 122. The first seat of Timour's
empire, 162. Threatened by Toctamish,
and saved by Timour, 166 Scene of his
triumph and magnificence, 186.
Samaritans, persecuted by Justinian, v. 244.
Samoyedes, known to the Mongols, vii. 132.
Samuel, the Judge of Israel, his ashes con-
veyed to Constantinople, iii. 298.
Sanctuary, the ancient privilege transferred
to Christian temples by Theodosius II.,
ii. 379, Respected by the Goths at the
taking of Rome, iii. 439. Affords a re-
fuge to Eutropius, 495.

Sand used by Mahometans for their ablu-
tions, in a scarcity of water, v. 478; vi.
24, and note.

Sangian, the last hero of the Seljukian race
in Persia, vi. 487.

Sangiban, king of the Alani, promises to
betray Orleans to Attila, iv. 16. Stationed
by Atius in the centre of his line, at
Chalons, 21.

Sapaudia. See Savoy.

Saphadin, brother of Saladin, proposed
marriage between him and the sister of
Richard I., vi. 508. Usurps the throne
of Egypt, 509. Dies of grief after the
loss of Damietta, 510, note.

Sapor I. inherits Persia from his father,
Artaxerxes, i. 268. Assassinates Chos-
roes, and seizes Armenia, 336. Defeats
Valerian and takes him prisoner, 337.
Captures Antioch, 338. Overcomes Syria
and Cilicia, 339. Insults and is defeated
by Odenathus, 340, 372. Modern Per-
sians ignorant of his victory, 341, note.
His death, 377, and note.

Sapor II., the son of Hormouz, is crowned
king of Persia before his birth, ii. 270.
His character and early heroism, 271.
Harasses the eastern provinces of the
Roman empire, 273. Battle of Singara
against Constantius, 274. His sou killed,
275. His attempts on Nisibis, 276. Con-
cludes a truce with Constantius, 277.
His haughty propositions to Constantius,
314. Invades Mesopotamia, 316.
duces Amida, 319. Returns home, 319.

Re-

His peaceful overtures to the emperor
Julian, iii. 4. His consternation at the
successes of Julian, 32. Harasses the
retreat of the Romans, 37. His treaty
with the emperor Jovian, 48. His re-
duction of Armenia, and death, 120, 122.
Sapor III., under the guardianship of Ar-
taxerxes, sends a friendly embassy to
Theodosius, iii. 122, and note.

Saracens, serve in the army of Valens, iii.
189. Origin and meaning of the name,
v. 446, note. See Arabians.

Saragossa, a mosch erected at, by the,
Koreish, vi. 97. Its emir implores the
protection of Charlemagne, v. 409.
Sarbar commands the Persian army at
Chalcedon, v. 186. Procures the depo-
sition of Chosroes II. 189.
Sarbaraza surprised by Heraclius at Salban,
v. 185.

Sardes, one of the seven churches of Asia,
ii. 71. Its present state, vii. 142.
Sardica, conference held there between
Constantius and Vetranio, ii. 283. Plun-
dered by Attila, iii. 558. See Councils.
Sardinia, an appendage of the Roman em-
pire, i. 34. Subdued by the Vandals,
iv. 71. Recovered by Marcellinus, 80.
Again conquered by Genseric, 83. Re-
volts under Godas, 362. Zano, Gelímer's
brother, sent to reduce it, 370.
success, 377. The island is surrendered
to an officer of Belisarius, 380. Three
thousand persons accused of poisoning,
v. 78, note. Remains independent of the
Lombards, 118.

His

Sarmatians (Sarmatæ, or Sauromatæ), mis-
taken by Ovid for Goths, i. 47, note.
Not Scythians, 270, and note. Ignorance
of the Greeks respecting them, ib., note.
Distinguished from Goths, 310. Defeated
by Carus, 410. Allies of the Goths, and
defeated by Constantine, 515. Games
instituted to celebrate this victory, ib.,
note. Manners of the people, ii. 259.
The same as Slavonians; their progress
westward, 262, note. Assisted by Con-
stantine against the Goths, 263. Pu-
nished for their ingratitude, 265. Esta-
blished by Constantius in the Lesser
Poland, 311. See Slavonians.

Sarukhan, a Turkish chieftain, conquers in
Anatolia, vii. 141.

Sarus invades the camp of Stilicho, iii. 387.
Is received at Ravenna, 438. Deserts
Honorius, joins Jovinus, and is killed by
Adolphus, 465.

Sarus, a river of Cilicia, where Heraclius
defeated the Persians, v. 185.
Sasima, bishopric given to Gregory of Na-
zianzus, iii. 223.

Sassanides, their dynasty founded in Persia,

i 249, and note. Its extinction, vi. 20.
Satalia, a seaport of Pamphylia, where
Louis VII. sheltered the relics of his
army, vi. 481.

Satraps, Parthian nobles, their privileges
abolished by Artaxerxes, i. 261, Origin
of their power in the first Persian empire,
265, and note.

Saturninus, one of the Thirty Tyrants, re-
luctantly opposes Gallienus, i. 345.
Saturninus, driven into rebellion against
Probus, i. 405.

Saturninus, a minister of Arcadius, sacri-
ficed to Gainas, iii. 497.

Saturninus, count of the domestics, assas-
sinated by order of Eudocia, iii. 518.

Saul, a veteran general of Theodosins,
serves under Stilicho, iii. 353.
Sauromaces, king of Armenia, iii. 121.
Sauzes, son of Amurath I., his rebellion,
vii. 155.

Savage nations, generally indolent and care-
less, i. 281. Uniform in their character
and manners, iii. 140.

Savoy (Sapandia), part of ancient Gaul, i
24. Assigned to the Burgundians, iv. 6.
See Anne and Felix V.

Savelli, a Roman family, of Sabine race,
vii. 386.

Saxa Rubra. See Battles.
Saxons, mentioned as assailants of the coast
of Britain, in the time of Diocletian,
i. 428, note. Not known to Tacitus, iii.
101; iv. 226, note. Found in Ptolemy's
map, iii. 101. Their origin and etymo-
logy of their name, 102, note. Their
habits of naval war, 103. Afflicted the
maritime provinces of Gaul in the reign
of Valentinian, 105. Unite with the
Scots and Picts in molesting Britain, 111.
Are repelled by Theodosius, 112. Their
conversion to Christianity, iv. 133; v. 133,
405, note. Their conquest of Britain,
iv. 212. Importance of the event, 213,
note. Establishment of their separate
kingdoms, called the Heptarchy, 215.
Their Bretwalda, 216, note. Their al-
leged ferocity and desolation of the land,
223. Gave their language to the country,
224. Fables respecting them, 230. In
Germany, allies of the Lombards, v. 101.
Conquered by Charlemagne, iv. 225, note;
v. 404, note. Their character drawn by
Luitprand, vi. 223.

Scabini, or assessors under the Merovin-
gian race, iv. 189, note.

Scanderbeg, prince of Albania, his history,
vii. 279.

Scarponna, the Allemanni defeated by Jo-
vinus, iii. 94.

Scatinian law of the Romans, v. 86.
Scaurus, the patrician family, reduced
under the emperors, ii. 204, note. Marcus,
author of a law which forbade the Ro-
mans to eat glires, v. 413, note.
Scepticism, prevalent among pagans, ii. 67.
Sceptre. See Dicanice.

Schism in religion, its origin, ii. 16.
Schools, civil and military, under the mas
ter of the offices, ii. 222. Derivation of
the word, and import of it in the time of
Charlemagne, v. 389, note.

Science reducible to four classes, vi. 146.
Selavonians. See Slavonians.
Sclerena, mistress of Constantine Mono-
machus, v. 332.

Sclerus, Bardas, rebels against Basil II., is
defeated and pardoned, v. 329.
Scodra (now Scutari, in Albania), treaty
between its prince and the first crusa-
ders, vi. 423, and note. Included in
Scanderbeg's principality, vii. 282, note.

Scots, distinguished from the Picts, as men
of the hills, iii. 107. See Picts.
Scribonianus took up arms in Dalmatia
against Claudius, i. 97, note.
Scrinia, public offices of the empire, ii.
224, and note.

Scriptures, Christian, delivered to the
Churches in the time of Hadrian, ii. 18,
note. Composed in Greek, at a consider.
able distance from Jerusalem, and trans-
lated into Latin, 70. Ordered by Diocle-
tian to be publicly burned, 152. Versions
of them in oriental dialects, v. 254, note.
Scriptures, Hebrew, translated into Greek,
ii. 3, note. Rejected by the Gnostics, 15.
Scyrri, a tribe of Huns, defeated by the
prefect Anthemius, iii. 512, and note.
Formed part of the army of confederates
in Italy, iv. 95.

Scythians (Skutha), a corrupted and mis-
pronounced form of Gothi (Goths), i. 303,
note. Used by the Greeks to designate
tribes, which are called Goths by Jor-
nandes and Latin writers, 335, note.
Erroneously applied to Tartars, iii. 139,
note. See Mongols and Tartars.
Sebaste, or Siwas, destroyed by Timour,
vii. 173.

Sebastian, son-in-law of count Boniface, his
persecution by Etius, adventures and
fate, iv. 2, and note.

Sebastian, appointed duke of Egypt by
Constantius, to banish Athanasius, and
make George of Cappadocia patriarch, ii.
441. Sent by Julian with a detachment
of his army to Nisibis, iii. 13. Fails to
accomplish the object of his march, 31.
Serves under Valentinian against the
Allemanni, 96. Promoted by Valens to
the rank of master-general of the in-
fantry, 183. Surprises and defeats the
Goths, ib. Is killed in the battle of
Hadrianople, 187.
Sebastian, invested with the purple by his
brother Jovinus, iii. 465. Put to death
by Adolphus, 468.
Sebastocrator, a title invented by Alexius
Comnenus for his brother Isaac, vi. 199.
Given by John Comnenus to his brother,
v. 342.

Sebectagi, father of Mahmud the Gaznevide,
vi. 358.

Secular Games. See Games.
Secundinus, duke of Osrhoene, commands
Julian's rearguard, iii. 17.
Secutor, the adversary of the Retiarius in
the Roman circus, i. 125, and note.
Seez, cruelty practised on the bishop and
his chapter by Geoffrey Plantagenet, vii.
348, note.

Segestan maintains its independence for
many years against Persia, i. 261, note.

An ally of Sapor at the siege of Amida,
ii. 318, and note.

Segjah, an Arabian prophetess, vi. 3, note.
Segued, a surname of the kings of Abys-

sinia, v. 281, note. Transactions of one
of them with the church of Rome, 282,
notes.

Seid Bechar predicts the fall of Constan-
tinople, vii. 198, and note.

Sejanus, allowed to remain in the Senate,

contrary to established rule, i. 177, note.
Selden, his pithy sentence on Transubstan
tiation, v. 359, note. His account of
Valvassors, 527, note. Of the word gen-
tleman, vi. 425, note.

Seleucia, capital of the Macedonian king.
dom of the Seleucidês, its situation and
history, i. 263. Its ruins, iii. 28. Formed
with Ctesiphon the Al Madayn of the
Arabs, vi. 13, note. See Ctesiphon.
Seleucia, in Isauria (or Cilicia). Defended
by three legions against the Isaurians, ii.
303. See Councils.

Seleucides, their era still used in the East,
i. 249, note; 260, note.
Seleucus Nicator, cities built by him, i. 260,
and note. Europus founded by him ou
the ruins of Ragæ, v. 143, note.
Seleucus, Mount, Magnentius finally de-
feated there, ii. 290, and note.

Selge, Tribigild defeated there, iii. 492. Its
history, ib., note.

Selim I., by treaty left the Mamelukes in
possession of Egypt, vi. 519, and note.
Seljuk, the father of the Seljukian dynasty,
vi. 367, and note.

Seljukians, establishment of their empire
by Togrul Beg, vi. 368. Extended by
Alp Arslan, 371. Civilized by Malek
Shah, 381. Divided by his sons, 383.
Foundation of the kingdom of Roum,
384; 439, note. Conquest of Jerusalem,
388. Contests with the crusaders, 417,
and note; 439, 482, and note. Decline
of their power, 453. Isolated state of
Roum, 474. Extirpated by the Moguls,
vii. 128.

Selybria (Selymbria) its situation, iv. 538,
note. Allotted to John Palæologus, vii.
156. Taken by Mahomet II., 302.
Semiramis, said to have introduced the use
of eunuchs, ii. 292, note. The temple of
Mecca supposed to be coeval with her,
v. 456, note.

Semno, the most renowned of the Lygians,
taken by Probus, i. 400.

Senate of Rome, loss of its power and
dignity, i. 79. Remodelled by Augustus,
80. Refused to accept his resignation,
81. Allowed by him to govern the most
secure and peaceful provinces, 84. To
possess apparent power, 89. Attempts
to re-assume its rights after the murder
of Caligula, 95. Its conduct on the
death of Commodus, and election of Per-
tinax, 129. Advocates the imperial pre-
rogative of Severus, 161. Supports the
Gordians, 226. Elects Maximus and Bal-
binus, 229. Defends the empire against
the Allemanni, 326. Elects Tacitus, 390.


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Its authority revived by him, 392. Re-
cognized by Probus, 397. Expired with
him, 409. Rendered a useless monu-
ment of antiquity by Diocletian, 454.
Acknowledges Maxentius as emperor,
479. Constantine promises to restore
its dignity and power, 501. The name
of Senate given by him to the public
council of Constantinople, ii. 195. The
distinction of its members personal, not
hereditary, 204. That of Rome still
permitted to bestow the titles of Imperial
power, recognizes Julian, 433. He con-
fers on that of Constantinople all the
honours and privileges enjoyed by that
of Rome, 498. Restores to the latter
the altar of Victory, iii. 276. It is re-
moved by Gratian, ib. Discussion and
vote for the suppression of paganism,
279. Debates on the demands of Alaric,
and propositions of Stilicho, 383. His
widow, Serena, sentenced to death, 424.
Attalus elected emperor, 434. The trial
of Arvandus closed its jurisdiction in
Gaul, iv. 85. Support given to Anthe-
mius, 92. Surrender of Italy to Zeno,
emperor of the East, 98. The Senate of
Rome extinguished, 527. Legislative
power exercised by it in the time of
Tiberius, v. 15. Restored by Arnold of
Brescia, vii. 358. Its number and powers,
362.

Senator of Rome, the magistrate or go-
vernor in the thirteenth century. See
Rome.
Senators of Rome, required to possess
landed property in Italy, i. 43, note. Per-
secuted by Commodus, 106. The dignity
exposed by him to public sale, 119. For-
bidden by Gallienus to exercise any
military employment, 326. Their auri
oblatio to the emperors, ii. 243, note.
Their genealogy, iii. 399. Wealth, 402.
Manners and character, 405.
Seneca, in his account of great phenomena
does not mention the darkness at the
time of the crucifixion, ii. 85. His de-
clamation against the avarice and luxury
of the Romans, and his alleged loan to
Britons, iii. 403, and note. His theory
of comets, v. 545, note.
Seniors, Signors, or Lords, appellation given
to the provincial land-owners in the
time of the Merovingians, iv. 195. Ex-
pressed originally the same idea as
priest and alderman in other languages,
vii. 358, note.

Sens, Decentius surrounded there by an
army of Germans, ii. 290. Julian be-
sieged there on his first arrival in Gaul,
326.

Septem, besieged by Theudes, iv. 392, and
note. See Ceuta.

Septimania, the southern part of Gaul
along the Mediterranean, retained by
the Visigoths, iv. 178, 181. Conquered

by the Arabs, vi. 128. Recovered by
Pepin, v. 408.

Septizonium of Severus, celebrated by Pe-
trarch, vii. 446. Furnished stones for
building St. Peter's church, 456.
Serai, a city built by Batou in the desert,
vii. 131. Destroyed by Timour, 168.
Serapeum, temple of Serapis at Alexandria,
destroyed by Theophilus, iii. 286. Con.
tained one of the great libraries; its
fate, 288; vi. 66, note.
Serapion, a monk, laments his conversion
from anthropomorphism, v. 205, and

note.

Serapis, his worship brought from Pontus
into Egypt, iii. 285. See Isis and Sera-
pœum.

Serena, daughter of Honorius, brother of
Theodosius, marries Stilicho, iii. 318.
Accused of taking a necklace from the
statue of Vesta, 389. Sentenced to death
by the senate, 424.
Sergiopolis. See Rasaphe.
Sergius, nephew of Solomon, his misconduct
in Africa, iv. 400. Conspires against
Justinian, 540.

Sergius, a saint of Antioch, venerated by
Chosroes II., v. 152.

Sergius, patriarch of Constantinople, con
sulted by Heraclius on the Monothelite
doctrine, v. 250.

Sergius, teacher of the Paulicians, vi, 242.
Seriphus, an island of the Egean Sea, a

place of exile, i. 109, and note.
Serjeants, origin and meaning of the term,
Serjabil, saved by Caled at Bostra, vi. 24.
vi. 552, and note.

Seronatus, punished for offering to betray
Auvergne, iv. 88.

Serranus, his friendship for Petronius Max-
imus reproved by Sidonius Apollinaris,
iv. 44, note.

Servetus, murdered by Calvin, ii. 173, note;
vi. 252, and note. History of his book,
253, note.

Servians, overthrown by the Bulgarians,
vi. 261.

Servius Tullius, his division of the Romans
into classes, iii. 361, note. Author of the
Civil Law, v. 4.
Servius. See Sulpicius.

Servius, error respecting a passage in his
Sesostris, said to have left a colony of his
Commentary on Virgil, v. 32, note.
soldiers in Colchis, iv. 478, note. To have
built a "long wall" from Pelusium to
Heliopolis, v. 449, note.

Sestus, opposite to Abydus, on the Helles-
pont, ii. 181, and notes.

Seven provinces of Gaul, iii, 480, and note.
Seven churches of Asia, ii. 71, and note.
See Churches.

Seven Sleepers of Ephesus, the fable, iii.

545. Embellished in the Koran, 546, note.
Severa, first wife of Valentinian I., iii. 184.
By William of Malmesbury, vi. 329, note.

Severianus, son of Fl. Val. Severus, put to
death by Licinius, i. 505.
Severina Ulpia, daughter of Ulpius Crinitus,

married to Aurelian, i. 360.
Severini, San, an illustrious Neapolitan
family, of which Pomponius Lætus is said
to have been an illegitimate scion, iii. 390,
note.

Severinus, a popular saint of Noricum, iv.

97. Translation of his relics to Naples,
101, and note.

Severus, Septimius, his wall between Edin-
burgh and Dumbarton, i. 5, note. Pro-
claimed emperor, 144. His abilities and
government, 149. Overcomes Pescennius
Niger, 150, and Clodius Albinus, 152.
Remodels the Prætorian guards, 158.
Rules by his arbitary will, 161. Marries
Julia Domna, 163. His campaign in
Britain, 165. His death, 167. State of
the Christians during his reign, ii. 135.
Severus, Alexander. See Alexander.
Severus, Flavius Valerius, promoted to the
rank of Cæsar, i. 471. To that of Augustus,
476. Deceived by the arts of Maximian,
480. Put to death, 481.

Severus, Libius, receives the imperial title
through Ricimer, 69. His nominal reign
and death, ib.

Severus, succeeds Marcellus, as general of
Julian's cavalry in Gaul, ii. 326.
Severus, Sulpicius, the first to enumerate
ten persecutions, ii. 133, note.
Severus, patriarch of Antioch, v. 264.
Seville, reduced by Muza, vi. 96.
Sfetigrade, a fort in Albania, taken by Amu-
rath 11., vii. 282.

Shah Mansour, prince of Fars, defeated
and slain by Timour, vii. 165.
Shawer, the Egyptian vizir, supported by
Noureddin, vi. 489. Slain, 491.
Sheibani Khan, brother of Batou, plants a
Mongol colony at Tobolskoy, vii. 132.
Sheikhs of Arabia, their dignity hereditary,
v. 447.

Shepherds of the North, their devastations,
iii. 140. Of Abyssinia and Arabia. See
Berbers and Hyksos.

Shiites, or sectaries, name given to the
friends of Ali, v. 520.

Shiracouh, emir of Noureddin, vi. 489.
Siberia, contrast between Russian exiles
there, and the Jews planted by Ptolemy
in Egypt, i. 53, note. Its dreary climate
and savage inhabitants, iii. 151. Colo-
nized by Mongols, vii. 132. Last retreat
of Toctamish, 167.

Sibylline books, consulted by the senate,
and recommended by Aurelian, i. 367.
Kept by the Quindecimvirs, iii. 273.
Burnt by order of Stilicho, 389.
Sibylline verses of the Christians, quietly
Jaid aside, ii. 84. note. Cited by Con-

stantine, 360, and note.

Sibyl's cave at Cumæ, iv. 530, and note.
Sichem, (Neapolis or Naplous), the Samari-

tan city, between the mountains of Bless-
ing and of Cursing, v. 245, note.
Sicilian Vespers, vii. 73.

Sicily, an island of the empire, i. 34. Pro-
duced vines in the time of Homer, 69.
Desolated by a servile war, 347. Fur-
nished troops to Maxentius, 493. Threat-
ened by Alaric, and saved by his death,
iii. 452. Conquered by Genseric, iv. 42,
83. Surrendered to Theodoric, 253. Its
breed of horses and fertility, 370, note.
Subdued by Belisarius, 400. By Totila,
518. Betrayed to the Saracens of Africa
by Euphemiius, vi. 157. Silk weavers
brought from Greece, 193, 347. Attempts
of the Byzantines to recover it, 305. Suc-
cess of Maniaces, 306. Conquered by
Roger the Norman, 323. Made a king-
dom by his son, 343. Reign of his suc-
cessors, 352. The sovereignty acquired
by the emperor Henry VI, 353. Given
by the pope to Charles of Anjou, vii. 69.
Who conquers the island, 70. His tyranny
provokes revolt and massacre, 74. Trans-
ferred to the house of Arragon, 75.
Sicorius. See Probus.

Siculi, a tribe among the early settlers in
Hungary, vi. 273, note.

Sidon, its manufacture of glass, iii. 405,

note. Its textile fabrics, iv. 310, note.
Taken from the Crusaders by Bibars, vi.
520.

Sidonius Apollinaris, his poetical prayer for
an alleviation of his tax, ii. 238. De
scribes his father-in-law Avitus, and the
Gallic nobles, iv. 50, notes. Theodoric II.
king of the Ostrogoths, 52. His panegyric
on Avitus, 56. On Majorian, 58.
Anthemius, 77. His letter to Riothamus,
85. To Arvandus, 86.
Sieges and Captures of cities:-

Abyla, by the Arabs, vi. 37.
Acre, by the crusaders, vi. 502.
by the Mamalukes, 522.
Emona, by Maximus, iii. 244.
Aleppo, by the Saracens, vi. 47.
by the Hamadanites, 173.
by the Greeks, 178.
by Saladin, 493.
by the Mongols, vii. 128.
by Timour, 176.

Alexandria, by Diocletian, i. 435.
by Amrou, vi. 61.

by the Greeks, 64.
by Shiracouh, 490.

On

Amalphí, by the Pisans, v. 117, note
vi. 320.

Amida, by Sapor, ii. 317.

by Cabades, iv. 346.

by Moslemah, vi. 120.
Amorium, by Motassem, 164.
Ana, by Julian, iii. 18.

Anbar, or Perisabor, by Julian, iii. 22.
by Caled, vi. 9.

Anchialus, by Baian, v. 156.

Ancona, by the Germans, vi. 349.

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