his brother Valentinian, iii. 68. Dismayed
by the revolt of Procopius, 73. His
anxiety for his personal safety, 78. Re-
duced the taxes of the East, 82. In-
structed by Eudoxius in the Arian creed,
85. Accused of having persecuted the
Catholics, 86. Endowed a hospital, found-
ed by Basil at Cæsarea, 87. Contest with
the monks of Egypt, 88. Established
Sauromaces on the throne of Armenia
and Iberia, 121. Para, son of Arsaces
Tiranus, treacherously murdered by his
order, 124. His residence at Antioch,
165. The Visigoths implored his pro-
tection, 166. Leave given by him for
their passage of the Danube, 168. War
with them, 177. Defeated and slain at
Hadrianople, 186. Funeral oration of
Libanius, 187.

Valens, bishop of Mursa, co-operates with
Ursacius in the council of Rimini, ii.
415. Comforts the emperor Valens, du-
ring the battle against Magnentius, 420.
His alleged recantation of Arianism,
433, note.

Valentia, a new British province, iii. 112.
Valentia, a city of Spain, taken by the
Goths, iii. 465; by the Saracens, vi. 98.
Valentia, supports the sons of Constantine
III., v. 291.

Valentine introduced his heresy into the
West, v. 203, note. Belonged to the
Egyptian school, 205.

Valentinian I., elected emperor, iii. 65.
Divides the empire with his brother
Valens, 68. Punishes the crime of magic,
75. His cruelty, 78. His laws and go-
vernment, 80. Establishes public schools
and Defensors of cities, 82. Maintains
religious toleration, 83. His edict to
restrain the avarice of the clergy, 88.
His German war, 93. He passes the
Rhine, and defeats the Allemanni, 96.
Fortifies the banks of the river, 98. War
with the Quadi and Sarmatians, 130.
His angry interview with their envoys,
133. His death, 134.

Valentinian II. associated in the empire
with his brother Gratian, iii. 135. The
Western empire divided between him
and Maximus, 218. His impatience
under the dictation of Ambrose, and
edict of toleration, 240. His flight to
Thessalonica, 243. Restored by Theo-
dosius, 260. On the death of his mother
adopts the Nicene faith, 261. Murdered
by Arbogastes, 263.

Valentinian III. succeeds his father Hono-
rius on the throne of the West, iii. 526.
His long minority intrusted to the guar-
dian care of his mother Placidia, 527.
His flight from Ravenna on the approach
of Attila, iv. 31. Influence of pope Leo
over him, 32, note. Treaty of peace with
Attila, 33. Death of his mother, 37, note.
Murders Etius, 38. Kavishes the wife

of Maximus, 39. Is assassinated by
him, 40.

Valentinians, a Gnostic sect, ii. 17. Their

complex system, v. 205, note.

Valeria, daughter of Diocletian, marries
Galerius, i. 426, and note. Persecuted
by Maximin, 506. Put to death by
Licinius, 507. Said to have been a con-
vert to Christianity, ii. 142.
Valeria, a province between the Drave aud
Danube, i. 488, note. The government
of it given to Marcellinus, iii. 130.
Valerian, appointed censor by Decius, i. 314.
Elected emperor, 320. Takes his sou
Gallienus for his associate, ib. War
with Persia, 337. He is defeated and
made prisoner, 338. Dies in captivity,
341. Inconsistency of his conduct to-
wards the Christians, ii. 140.

Valerius, a name taken by Diocletian, i
421, note.

Valet, at first a designation of a noble
youth, vi. 545, nole.

Valla, Laurentius, his opinion on the Latin

of the Pandects, v. 38, nole. Disproved
the donation of Constantine, 304, and
note. Supposed to have used clandes-
tinely the version of Homer by Leo Pila-
tus, vii. 248.

Valle, Pietro della, his description of As-
syria, iii. 27, note.

Vandals, a Gothic tribe, i. 307. Often con-
founded with the Celtic Venedi and the
Slavonic Wenden, 308, note. A colony
of them said to have been planted in
Britain by Probus, 403. Formed a part
of the army of Radagaisus, iii. 365. Left
their confederates and were defeated by
the Franks, 373. Their passage into
Gaul, ib. Into Spain, 467. Conquered
by the Visigoths, 472. Maintain them.
selves in Gallicia, 530. Overcome the
Suevi, 531. On the invitation of Boni-
face land in Africa, 532. Their progress,
541. Surprise Carthage, 542. Genseric
establishes his kingdom, 543. Their

naval power, iv. 42. Rome plundered
by them, 47. Their piracies, 71. Adopt
the Arian form of Christianity, 137. Per-
secute the Catholics, 138. Usurpation
of Gelimer, 140. War of the Eastern
empire against him, 370. Success of
Belisarius, 380. End of their race, 387.
Varagr, pirates of the Baltic, ought not
to be confounded with Varangians, vi.
276, note.

Varanes, a worthless general of Honorius,
iii. 393.

Varanes, or Bahram, king of Persia, his
embassy to Carus, i. 411.

Varanes, or Bahram, son of Jezdegerd, his
war with Theodosius II., iii. 519.
Varanes, the Persian general. See Bahram.
Varangians, the Byzantine body-guard, vi.
202, 206, 277. Said to be English, ib.
Probable derivation of the name, 278,

court of Constantius, after Julian's death,
44. Master-general of the cavalry to
Valens, 128. Urges him to be cautious
in resisting the Visigoths, 184. Escapes
at Hadrianople, 187.

Victoria, Mother of the Camps, her in-
fluence in Gaul, 370.

Victorinus, a son of Victoria, one of the
Thirty Tyrants, i. 343. Slain at Cologne,
369.

Victory, statue and altar of. See Senate.
Vigilantia, or Biglenizia, mother of Justi-
nian, iv. 285, note. Her objections to
his marriage with Theodora, 296.
Vigilantius, a Presbyter, the protestant of
his age; his controversy with Jerome,
iii. 299, and note.

Vigilantius, a worthless general of Hono-
rius, iii. 393.

Vigilius, interpreter of the Greek embassy
to Attila, iii. 569. Provokes the Huns
by his boasting, 570. Proposes to assas-
sinate Attila, iii. 578. Confesses the
crime, and is dismissed, 579.
Vigilius, pope, obtains his throne by a
large bribe, iv. 418. Urges Justinian to
reconquer Italy, 519. Detained a pri-
soner at Constantinople, is compelled to
condemn the "Three Chapters," v. 248.
Villains, peasants, or servants, attached to
the land, in Gaul, iv. 196. In Britain,
227. In the kingdom of Jerusalem, vi.
470.

Villehardouin, Jeffrey of, marshal of Cham-
pagne, attended and made a narrative
of, the fourth crusade, vi. 537, and notes.
Called the Varangians, English, and
Danes, 554. Appointed marshal of Ro-
mania, and received a lordship in Thrace,
vii. 8. Conducted the retreat of the
Latin army, after the capture of Bald-
win, 16. His fief of Messinople, 18,

note.

Villehardouin, Jeffrey of, the younger,
nephew of the above, confounded with
his uncle, vii. 9, note. Obtains the prin-
cipality of Achaia and the Morea, 19,
note. Is made prisoner by Michael Pa-
læologus, 32.
Vindobona, now Vienna, Julian's embarka-

tion on the Danube, ii. 480. Formerly
less important than its neighbour Car-
nuntum, iii. 244, note.
Vindunissa, its antiquity and successive
changes, iv. 163, and note.

Vine, history of its cultivation, i. 69. In-
troduced by Probus in Pannonia, 407.
Design of Aurelian to plant it in Etruria,
iii. 418, note.

Virgil, his fourth Eclogue paraphrased by
Constantine into a prediction of Chris
tianity, ii. 360, and note. Described in
his ninth Eclogue the usurpation of
his farm at Mantua, and his personal
danger, iii. 471, and note. Mentioned
silk (or cotton) in his second Georgic,

iv. 312, and note. Described the Mauri-
tanian shepherds, 389, note.
Virtha. See Tecrit.

Visandus, his courageous defence of the
Gothic standard, iv. 409.
Visigoths. See Goths.

Vitalian, pope, appoints Hadrian, and then
Theodore, to the see of Canterbury, v.
253, note.

Vitalian, his rebellion against Anastasius,
the first religious war, v. 240. Is trea
cherously assassinated at a royal banquet,
iv. 287.

Vitalianus, Maximin's prætorian prefect,
killed, i. 226.

Vitara. See Satraps.

Vitellius, his gluttony, i. 106, note.
Viterbo, the frequent residence of the popes,
vii. 378. See Sieges.

Vitiges, Gothic king of Italy, iv. 406. Be-
sieges Rome, 408. Repulsed by Belisa-
rius, 415. Abandons the siege, 421.
Besieges Rimini, 422. Retires to Ra-
venna, 423. Is besieged by Belisarius,
428. Surrenders, 430. Receives the
rank of patrician at Constantinople, with
lands in Asia, 431. His embassy while
king of Italy, to engage Nushirvan in
war against Justinian, 470.
Vitruvius describes the loftiness of the
houses in Rome, iii. 422, and note.
Vivarium, an angle in the wall of Rome,
enclosed for wild beasts, iv. 414.

Vizir, origin and meaning of the term, v.
485, and note. The office instituted
among the Turks by Orchan, vii. 140.
Held but for a short period by the same
individual, 202, note,

Voconian law. See Inheritance.
Vogul, reduced to the same name as Ugor,
vi. 265, note.
Volga. See Wolga.

Volocæan marshes. See Pelso.
Voltaire ascribes the fame of Constantine's
Labarum to his success, ii. 355, note.
His account of the preparations for the
siege of Turin, iv. 240, note. His de-
parture from the truth of history in his
tragedy of Mahomet, vi. 501, note. His
comparison of Mahomet in his old age,
512, note. His tragedy of Tancrède,
v. 157, note. His ignorance of the
country of Jaroslaus, 211, note.
Volunteers, Thracian peasants, who assisted
in recovering Constantinople, vii. 33.
Volusianus, son of Gallus, killed, i. 319.
Vopiscus Flavius, a writer of the Augus
tan History, i. xxxiv. The principal
authority for the interregnum after the
death of Aurelian, 387.
Vortigern, the British prince, iv. 212.
Vortimer, his victories and tomb, iv. 220.
Vouti, fifth emperor of the Chinese dynasty
of the Han, iii. 155.

Vulture augury of Romulus, iv. 41, and
note.

Worship, public, the only solid foundation
of religious sentiments, iii. 296.
Wotton, his reputation unworthily depre-
ciated, vi. 149, note.

X.

Xenaias, or Philoxenus, bishop of Hierapolis
in Syria, murdered by the Melchites, v.
264, and note.

Xenodochium, the new hospital, erected by
the Knights of St. John at Jerusalem, vi.
464, note.

Xenophon, called the Chaboras, the Araxes,

i. 447. (See Reply to the Athenæum,
p. 10.) His memory sometimes failed
him, iii. 17, note. Description of Meso-
potamia, 18. His Cyropædia and Ana-
basis compared, 50, note.

Xeres, or Guadalete. See Battles.
Xerxes, his bridge of boats over the Helles-
pont, ii. 181. Crossed the Euphrates at
Thapsacus, v. 524, note.

Xiphilin, patriarch of Constantinople, de-
ceived by the empress Eudocia, v. 336.

Y.

Yamanah, an Arabian city and province,
vi. 2, and note.
Yathreb, or Jatrippa, the ancient name of
Medina, v. 442, note.
Yelutchousay, a virtuous mandarin, iii. 560,

note.

Femen, or Arabia Felix, conquered by Nu-
shirvan, v. 133. See Arabia.
Fermuk, or Hieromax. See Battles.
Yezd, its manufactures, vii. 167, note.
Yezdegerd III., placed on the throne of
Persia instead of Arzema, vi. 10. War
with the Saracens, 11. Conquered, 16.
His flight, 18. Death, 19. Fate of his
family, 20.

Yezid I., succceds his father Moawiyah, as
caliph, v. 527. Spares the family of Ali,
530.

Fezid II., ninth caliph of the race of the
Ommiades, ordered all images in Christian
churches to be destroyed, v. 365, note.
Yezid, son of the caliph Walid, and of the
daughter of Phirouz, vi. 20, note.
Yezid, a colleague of Amrou in the Syrian
wars, vi. 47.

Yolande, sister of the counts of Flanders,
succeeds as empress of Constantinople,
and conveys the crown to her husband
Peter of Courtenay, vii. 21.
Youkinna, defends Antioch against the Sa-
racens, vi. 47. A proselyte to their reli-
gion, 48.

Fuen, dynasty of, descendants of Zingis,
expelled by the Chinese, vii. 134.

Z.

Zabdas, a general of Zenobia, conquered
Egypt, i. 375.

VOL. VII.

Zabdicene, one of the five provinces ceded
by Persia, i. 448, note.

Zabergan, the Bulgarian, repulsed by Beli-
sarius, iv. 537.

Zachary, pope, deposes Childeric, the last
of the Carlovingians, and creates Pepin
king of France, v. 387.

Zaleucus, lawgiver of the Locrians, v. 8.
and note.

Zama, defeated by Eudes, duke of Aquitain,
vi. 128.

Zamolxis, an early Gothic leader, i, 363.
Zani, Asiatic mercenaries of Justinian, iv.
486.

Zano, brother of Gelimer, represses the
revolt of Sardinia, iv. 377. Returns to
Africa, 378. Falls in battle, 379.
Zapharan,a monastery of Jacobites, tolerated
by the Mahometans, near Merdin, v. 265.
Zara. See Sieges.

Zathus, king of Lazica, renews the alliance
with the Eastern empire, iv. 484.
Zebras. See Onagri.

Zehra, or Azahra, the palace of Abdalrah-

man III., uear Cordova, vi. 141, 142, note.
Zeid, a slave of Mahomet, one of his first
converts, v. 485. Commands and falls at
Zeirides, African Saracens, attacked by
Muta, 505.
Roger king of Sicily, vi. 344.

Zemzem, the holy well of the Caaba, v. 457.
Zend, the ancient language of Persia, i.

251, and note.

Zendavesta, contains the doctrines of Zoro-
aster, i. 251; vi. 106.

Zendecan, the Gaznevides defeated there by
the Turkmans, vi. 366.

Zenghi, father of Noureddin, takes Edessa,
and is murdered by his Mamalukes, vi.
487, and note.

Zenia or Zenastan, China so called by the
Armenians, i. 440, note.

Zeno, emperor of the East, his law on the
responsibility of governors of provinces,
ii. 212, note. His reception of the am-
bassadors, who resigned to him the em-
pire of the West, iv. 99. The annals of
his reign imperfect, 213. His accession,
216. Death, 217. His Henoticon, v.
236, and note.

Zeno, of Apamea, father of Polemon, King

of Pontus, iv. 482, note.

Zeno, the orator of Constantinople, tor-
mented by the stratagems of Anthemius,
iv. 330.

Zenobia, one of the Thirty Tyrants, i. 343.
Queen of Palmyra and the East, 371.
Her accomplishments and judicious
administration, 372. Attacked by Aure-
lian, 374. Defeated and captured, 377.
Attends his triumph, 380. Occupies an
elegant villa at Tibur as a Roman matron,
381.

Ziebel, chagan of the Chozars, his meeting
with Heraclius, v. 188.

Zimisces, John, assists the elevation of Nice-

2