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CHAPTER V.
Common Interests of Capital and Labour-Labour directed by Accu-
mulation-Capital enhanced by Labour-Balance of rights and duties
-Relation of demand and supply-Money exchanges-Intrinsic and
representative value of money.
CHAPTER VI.
Importance of capital to the profitable employment of labour-Con-
trast between the prodigal and the prudent man: the Dukes of
Buckingham and Bridgewater-Making good for trade-Unprofitable
consumption-War against capital in the middle ages - Evils of
corporate privileges—Condition of the people under Henry VIII.
CHAPTER VII.
Rights of labour-Effects of slavery on production-Condition of the
Anglo-Saxons-Progress of freedom in England-Laws regulating
labour-Wages and prices-Poor-law-Law of settlement
PAGE
45
57
67
CHAPTER VIII.
-
Possessions of the different classes in England - Condition of Col-
chester in 1301-Tools, stock-in-trade, furniture, &c.-Supply of
food-Comparative duration of human life-Want of facilities for
commerce-Plenty and civilization not productive of effeminacy—
Colchester in the present day
CHAPTER IX.
Certainty the stimulus to industry-Effects of insecurity-Instances
of unprofitable labour Former notions of commerce National
and class prejudices, and their remedy
PART II.
CAPITAL, LABOUR, AND SKILL WORKING TOGETHER FOR
PRODUCTION.
CHAPTER X.
Employment of machinery in manufactures and agriculture-Erroneous
notions formerly prevalent on this subject-Its advantages to the
labourer Spade husbandry-The principle of machinery-Machines
and tools-Change in the condition of England consequent on the
introduction of machinery-Modern New Zealanders and ancient
Greeks-Hand-mills and water-mills
103
CHAPTER XI.
Present and former condition of the country-Progress of Cultivation
-Evil influence of feudalism-State of agriculture in the sixteenth
century Modern improvements-Prices of wheat-Increased breadth
of land under cultivation-Average consumption of wheat-Imple-
ments of agriculture now in use
CHAPTER XII.
122
Production of a knife-Manufacture of Iron-Raising coal-The hot-
blast Iron bridges - Rolling bar-iron - Making steel- Sheffield
manufactures-Mining in Great Britain-Numbers engaged in mines
and metal manufactures.
137
CHAPTER XIII.
Conveyance and extended use of coal-Consumption at various periods
-Condition of the roads in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries
-Advantages of good roads-Want of roads in Australia-Turnpike
roads-Canals-Railway of 1680-Railway statistics
154
CHAPTER XIV.
Houses the Pyramids Mechanical power
Carpenter's tools-
American machinery for building-Bricks-Slate-Household fittings
and furniture-Paper hangings-Carpets-Glass-Pottery-Improve-
ments effected through the reduction or repeal of duties on domestic
requirements
CHAPTER XV.
Dwellings of the people - Oberlin - The Highlander's candlesticks—
Supply of water-London water-works
-Street-lights-Sewers-
Sanitary improvements .
CHAPTER XVI.
Early intercourse with foreign nations-Progress of the cotton manufac-
ture-Hand-spinning-Arkwright-Crompton - Power-loom-Cart-
wright-Especial benefits of machinery in this manufacture-Cotton
manufacture
CHAPTER XVII.
169
190
205
--
The woollen manufacture - Divisions of employment - Early history
- Prohibitory laws - Alpaca wool-shoddy — Middle-age legislation
-Sumptuary laws-The silk manufacture— Ribbon-weaving-The
linen manufacture-Cloth-printing-Bleaching
CHAPTER XVIII.
Hosiery manufacture The stocking-frame - The circular hosiery-
machine-Hats Gloves-Boots and shoes-Sewing-machine-Straw-
plait Artificial Flowers-Fans-Lace-Bobbin-net machine-Pins
Needles-Buttons-Toys-Lucifer-matches-Envelopes.
CHAPTER XIX.
Labour-saving contrivances-The nick in types-Tags of laces-Casting
shot-Candle-dipping - Tiring a wheel-Globe-making- Domestic
aids to labour-Aids to mental labour-Effects of severe bodily labour
on health and duration of life.
242
260
277
CHAPTER XX.
Influences of knowledge in the direction of labour and capital-Astronomy
-Chronometer-Mariner's compass-Scientific travellers-New ma-
terials of manufactures-India-rubber-Gutta percha — Palm-oil—
Geology-Inventions that diminish risk-Science raising up new
employments Electricity-Galvanism -- Photography- Mental la-
bourers-Enlightened public sentiment
CHAPTER XXI.
Invention of printing-Effects of that art—A daily newspaper-News-
writing of former periods-Changes in the character of newspapers
-Steam conveyance-Electric telegraph-Organization of a London
newspaper office-The printing machine-Newspapers in Great Britain
-The paper machine-Bookbinding-Paper duty
APPENDIX TO PART II. :-Occupations of the people
PART III.
CAPITALISTS AND LABOURERS: CO-OPERATION.
301
314
CHAPTER XXII.
Power of skill-Cheap production-Population and production-Partial
and temporary evils-Intelligent Labour-Division of labour-General
Knowledge-Union of forces
327
CHAPTER XXIII.
Accumulation - Productive and unproductive consumption-Use of
capital-Credit-Security of property-Production applied to the
satisfaction of common wants-Increase of comforts-Relations of
capitalist and labourer
344
CHAPTER XXIV.
Natural law of wages-State-laws regulating wages-Enactments regu-
lating consumption-The labour-fund and the want-fund-Ratio of
capital to population-State of industry at the end of the seventeenth
century-Rise of manufactures-Wages and prices-Turning over
capital
365
CHAPTER XXV.
Necessity for elementary instruction in Political Economy--Skilled labour
and trusted labour-Combinations, of every kind, that are opposed to
the great principles of political economy are combinations of producers
against consumers
383
CHAPTER XXVI.
Competition of unskilled labour-Competition of uncapitalled labour-
Itinerant traders-The contrast of organized industry-Factory-labour
and garret-labour.
399
CHAPTER XXVII.
Law of Partnership — Limited liability-Co-operative principle - The
Rochdale pioneers-Moral benefits of co-operative societies-Material
benefits of co-operation-Duties of the employed-Duties of employers 417