(B) The distance between the top of tank and bottom of bowl shall be not less than 16 inches nor more than 48 inches.

(C) The opening for the clean-out and for the manhole shall be so placed as to be readily accessible.

(D) All joints subject to liquid action below the top of the bowl or urinal leading to and from the tank, including manholes located inside the building, shall be so made as to convey all deposits without leaks to the tank proper.

(E) The installation shall be so made as to insure ample protection against frost for the tank and other parts that may be affected.

Note.-Experience has demonstrated that chemical closet systems installed within a building must be housed with due regard to proper location, approaches, light, ventilation, care, drainage, etc. They should therefore be located preferably on the ground floor. If located in the basement the above factors must be taken carefully into account. suitable intervening "anteroom " or its equivalent, properly lighted and ventilated by means of windows or vent pipe, must also be provided.

A

SEC. 10. Tank contents disposal.-The tank shall be provided with an efficient method of draining or removing tank contents, which shall be accomplished in a satifactory manner by one of the following methods:

(A) By means of an adequate dry well or leaching basin, properly located, consisting of an underground chamber provided with a suitable manhole and cover. Capacity of the dry well shall be at least twice that of the tank, and larger where soil conditions require it.

(B) By means of a tile absorption trench of combined strainer and absorption type, properly located, designed, and constructed. The cubic contents

capacity of the tile shall be at least twice the volume to be discharged. (C) By pumping or dipping and hauling away.

Note.-Experience has shown process (C) to be impractical and unsatisfactory, from the standpoint of service and sanitation, except under certain favorable conditions.

(D) The important requirements which must be taken into consideration are the lay of the land, character of the soil, amount and character of the liquid to be disposed of, location with respect to wells or other sources of water supply, etc.

SEC. 11. Outlet of tank.-The cleanout opening to the tank shall be so located, and where practical the tank so encased or exposed that access to it for inspection purposes may be readily possible. When the cleanout is placed outside of the building, it must have a suitable concrete manhole and cover. When it is proposed to remove the tank contents by pumping or dipping, the tank cleanout shall not be placed within the building.

The outlet valve shall be not less than 3 inches in diameter. The outlet pipe leading from the drain valve to the point of disposal shall be not less than 4 inches in diameter, laid direct, free from defects, and with a grade not less than one-half inch per foot, and greater where practicable.

SEC. 12. Chemical.-The chemical used shall be a dry chemical of standard commercial quality with a phenol coefficient of at least 15 and a minimum of 25 pounds of chemical of this standard per bowl shall be used. The phenol coefficient of the chemical shall be clearly stated on the package or container. Full directions for using the chemical shall be furnished with each package or container. The chemical solution so used shall at all times be maintained at such strength as to effectively sterilize and deodorize the tank contents.

SEC. 13. Service and guarantee.-(A) Each manufacturer shall guarantee his equipment against defects in material and workmanship and that it will operate effectively where installed and used in accordance with the printed directions furnished at the time of installation and at any later time upon request.

(B) The manufacturer is to be notified of defects, if any exist, and be given opportunity to make them good without charge to the purchaser.

(C) In case difficulty arises which is clearly due to the fault of the purchaser in operating, he shall be chargeable for service at the regular rates of the company employed to render the same.

SEC. 14. Maintenance.—(A) The toilet conveniences must not be used without the tank being charged with chemical substances of proper quality and quantity.

(B) The tank must be completely emptied before each charge of chemicals. (C) Each charge must consist of at least 40 pounds of approved chemical, as described in the specifications, to each 200 gallons capacity or approximation thereof.

(D) Before placing the chemical in the tank it must be completely dissolved in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions therefor.

(E) The agitator must be effectively worked after each use of the closet. (F) The tank or any part thereof subject to frost must be properly protected and must not be allowed to become so full as to permit the contents to rise into the tube connecting the bowl and the tank.

(G) The inside of the bowl must be washed frequently and at regular intervals and be kept at all times free from fecal matter in accordance with the requirements prescribed by the manufacturer and rules governing.

(H) The installation, including all parts of the room, shall be maintained in a sanitary and serviceable condition, and the materials when removed from the tank disposed of in such a manner that a nuisance or other dangerous or objectionable conditions are not created.

Caution. The chemical used for these closets is destructive to the skin and must be carefully prepared and used. In handling the dry chemical do not allow it to come in contact with the skin. It is well to tie two thicknesses of handkerchief over the nose and mouth to prevent irritation of the air passages from the caustic dust. Should any of the chemical come in contact with the skin through splashing after being dissolved, or otherwise, wash the affected parts with water and apply vinegar, lemon juice, or some other mild acid.

(I) All chemical closet installations must be provided by the school board with suitable light-weight toilet paper, and school children must be instructed to use it. Teachers should see that the school board furnishes such paper for each school.

Note. Teachers should be instructed to visit the toilets frequently and to prohibit any obscene or indecent writing or print [sic] upon the walls or any part of the room or building. The State law (Sec. 4590 of the statutes) provides a fine of not to exceed $500 for such offense.

The foregoing data are intended to serve as a guide for installations to be placed within or in connection with rural school buildings. They are equally applicable to other places used for human habitation, particularly homes. Certain minor modifications as to building structural features may, in some cases, be permissible where the system is housed in a detached outdoor building. It is, however, extremely important that all such installations be carefully placed, specified, installed, and maintained.

DRY CLOSETS.

SEC. 15.-Application-Plan and permission to install.-(A) Before any type of dry closet is installed in any school building the school board of that district or its legal representative shall make application to the State board of health, on a blank furnished by the board, for permission to install such toilet,

giving the size and description of the school building and other existing conditions affecting the installation, also the source and type of water supply or absence of same, the character of the soil, the lay of the land, and the type of dry closet to be installed.

(B) The plans and specifications of the building and of the dry-closet system so submitted for approval shall be sufficiently detailed, cross sectioned, etc., to enable the department to pass on the various essentials outlined herein and in items 1 to 7, inclusive, of the application blank.

Note.-Order 5008 of the State building code requires that two complete sets of plans and specifications be submitted to the industrial commission for approval. Plans so submitted will be referred by that department to the State board of health for approval of toilet requirements. In order that there may be no misunderstanding and work delayed, it is suggested that preliminary plans, sketches, for heating and dry-closet layouts, together with the application, be submitted for examination to the industrial commission, who will confer with the State board of health before incorporating into the final plans before contract is closed.

(C) Under the law the State board of health reserves the right to reject any and all types of closets and may prohibit the installation of any such closet when in its judgment such prohibition is wise. In giving permission for the installation of dry-closet toilets the State board of health does not assume responsibility for the satisfactory operation of the installation, in whole or in part, but reserves the right to order its removal should conditions dangerous to health or otherwise objectionable arise therefrom.

SEC. 16. Dry-closet system-Design, materials and construction.-(A) Permission to install a dry-closet system may be granted providing the following minimum requirements are complied with:

(B) The materials and construction of the various units comprising the drycloset system shall be of proper design and so installed that the highest degree of efficency possible is insured.

(C) The vault and conveyors shall be of proper design and water-tight construction, and free from sand, gravel, or similar moisture-retaining material. (D) The cross-section vault area shall be at least 25 per cent larger than the cross-section area of the combined foul air conveying flues connected therewith, and the open space below the grates shall be at least 8 to 10 inches in height, and when practical the vault or vaults shall be limited in length so that the total horizontal length will be 60 per cent of the total length of the vertical vent stacks.

(E) The foul-air duct, stack, vault, and heater or heaters shall be of adequate capacity and so constructed as to insure proper ventilation and guard effectively against back drafts.

(F) The foul-air ducts, or ducts, shall be provided with a damper of efficient design and conveniently located, and the foul-air removal system shall be so constructed as to exclude, under all conditions involving maintenance, obnoxious odors from any part of the building and so that it will comply with the fire-protection requirements of the State building code.

(G) The chimney containing the stack heater shall be extended to a height from 8 to 10 feet above the highest part of the building and top beveled so as to insure effective ventilation.

(H) The closet hopper and urinal shall be so designed and of such material that they can be kept clean and the hopper be provided with an approved wood seat, properly protected.

SEC. 17. State building code-Installation requirements.-(A) In addition to the requirements above prescribed, installations hereafter constructed, whether of the inside or outside type, shall conform in every respect as to "housing,"

number of toilets required, design, standards of construction, materials, ventilation, light, location, maintenance, etc., with the minimum standards of the industrial commission's building code, and the State board of health's codes (Orders 2202, 2204, 2205, 2208, 5253, 5256, 5257, 5258, 5259, and 5618) as modified and set forth in the following:

SEC. 18. Maintenance.—(A) The toilet conveniences must not be used without a fire maintained either in the stack heater or heating systems whenever required so as to insure proper ventilation and guard effectively against back drafts.

(B) The vault shall be burned out and cleaned at least twice a year or oftener if necessary. After each burning out of the vault contents all residue and ashes must be completely removed and disposed of in a manner so as not to create a nuisance.

(C) The installation including all parts of the room, shall be maintained at all times in a sanitary and serviceable condition.

(D) The inside of the bowl must be washed frequently and at regular intervals and be kept at all times free from fecal matter.

(E) All dry-closet installations must be provided by the school board with suitable toilet paper, and school children must be instructed to use it. Teachers should see that the school board furnishes such paper for each school.

Note. Teachers should be instructed to visit the toilets frequently and to prohibit any obscene or indecent writing or print upon the walls or any part of the room or building. The State law (Sec. 4590 of the Statutes) provides a fine of not to exceed $500 for such offense.

Note. The attention of school boards and others interested is directed to modern conveniences, such as running drinking water, washing facilities, and water-flushed toilets, which can, in most cases, be installed at a reasonable cost considering the protection and comforts thus afforded.

Public Comfort Stations-Regulations Governing. (Reg. Bd. of H., Jan. 20,

1920.)

SECTION 1. Legal effect of code.-The rules and regulations listed under this and the following numbered sections (Nos. 1 to 78, inclusive) have the force and effect of law, and shall apply where practicable to all types of public comfort stations.

SEC. 2. Where water and sewerage are available.-Each water-closet, urinal, lavatory, sink, and other plumbing fixture in a public comfort station shall be connected properly with sewerage and water systems where such systems are available.

SEC. 3. Where water and sewerage are not available.-In localities lacking public systems of water and sewerage, the disposal of human wastes may be accomplished as follows:

(a) By an efficient water system of the "compressed-air storage” or "airpressure delivery" type, a sewage treatment tank and disposal units, as existing conditions may require. (For particulars consult the State plumbing code or communicate with the bureau of plumbing and domestic sanitary engineering, State board of health, Madison, Wis.

(b) By stations of the vault type or other toilet facilities permitted by Federal State, or local authorities where local conditions make it impractical to insall water supply and sewerage systems. (See provisions in this code relating to communities lacking public water and sewerage systems, p. 3.)

SEC. 4. When water and sewerage become available.-Within one year after public water and sewerage systems become available, or after these systems have been extended to within a reasonable distance, water-flushed toilet facilities and approved drinking devices shall be provided.

SEC. 5. Right to amend code reserved.-The State board of health under the law reserves the right to amend these rules and regulations should experience demonstrate that additional or modified rules are required to carry out the purpose of the law.

SEC. 6. Submission of plans.-Before proceeding with the location, design, and construction of a public comfort station or rest room, plans and specifications shall be submitted for approval to the State board of health.

SEC. 7. Supervision of construction.—After approval of plans have been obtained, construction shall proceed in accordance with the established regulations, and no material changes in such plans or specifications shall be made without written permission from the State board of health or its authorized representative. All such work is subject to inspection and final approval by the State board of health.

SEC. 8. Stations for each sex.-Public comfort stations shall be provided for both sexes and be distinctly marked for which sex they are intended. No persons except children under care shall be allowed to use a station assigned to the other sex.

SEC. 9. Capacity.-Every public comfort station shall have adequate capacity to meet the needs of the locality and be equipped with approved toilet fixtures. SEC. 10. Number of toilets and urinals required.-Toilet accommodations to serve the needs of the community depend for their adequacy upon local conditions, and no fixed rule can be laid down. Information available indicates, however, that under normal conditions there should be at least one closet for every 1,000 females and one closet and one urinal for every 1,000 males in the community. These toilet facilities shall be at the disposal of the public without charge. If pay stations are maintained, the same shall be in addition to the free toilets required by law. The State board of health reserves the right to prohibit the use of pay toilets unless the free toilets are adequate, properly installed and maintained, and reserves the right also to require that where free toilets are found to be inadequate or not properly maintained the pay toilets shall be converted into free toilets.

Note. Certain municipalities or resorts where there are frequently large gatherings naturally need more accommodations than places where the number of people does not fluctuate, nor the public assemble, to much extent. In the absence of definite information and because of possible changes in the development of communities, therefore, provision always should be made for increasing the size of the building or room and for installing additional fixtures or other equipment when the original accommodations become inadequate.

SEC. 11. Lavatories.-Each comfort station where sewer and water systems are available shall be equipped with adequate washing facilities. There shall be at least one lavatory for every five fixtures (closets and urinals), or fraction thereof.

Note. -One lavatory for every two or three fixtures is recommended.

SEC. 12. Bubblers and other drinking devices.-Comfort stations and rest rooms providing drinking water shall furnish sanitary bubblers or other approved drinking devices properly located. Common drinking cups are prohibited by law.

Note. For further particulars as to these devices, communicate with the State board of health, and as to source and protection of water supply see sections 71 to 78, inclusive, of this code.

SEC. 13. Approaches.-The approaches to public comfort stations, especially those of the outside type, shall be made of concrete or gravel where possible and be so designed as to prevent accidents and be conducive to a clean condition of the building at all times.