is two bullets with a chain between them; their use is, at sea, to shoot down yards, masts, or rigging of ships. Azure, three chain-shots or; this coat was borne by the Earl of Cumberland, next to his paternal coat. Pl. XLI., n. 8.

CHAMBER-PIECE, a term for a short piece of ordnance, without a carriage. Pl. xxiv., n. 6.

CHAPEAU. See CAP OF MAINTENANCE.

CHAPERON, OF CHAPERONE (French), a hood, and by metonymy applied to the little shields containing armorial bearings, placed on the heads of horses drawing hearses at pompous funerals.

CHAPLET, a garland, or head-band of leaves and flowers. Pl. v., n. 8. A chaplet of roses, in heraldry, is always composed of four roses only, all the other parts being leaves. Argent, three chaplets vert; name, Richardson, of Shropshire.

CHAPOURNET, a corruption of the French word, chaperonet, which signifies a little hood.

CHARGES are all manner of figures or bearings whatsoever, borne in the field of a coat of arms, which are by custom become peculiarly proper to the science.

CHARGED. Any ordinary or figure, bearing any other device upon it, is said to be charged therewith; azure, a saltire argent, charged with another gules. Pl. XLI., n. 4.

CHARLEMAGNE'S CROWN. This crown, which is divided into eight parts, is made of gold, weighing fourteen pounds, and is still preserved at Nuremberg. Pl. XLV., n. 5. The fore part of the crown is decorated with twelve jewels, all unpolished. On the second quarter, on the right hand, is our Saviour sitting between two cherubs, each with four wings, whereof two point up

ward, and two downward; and under, this motto, Per me Reges regnant. The third part on the same side has only gems and pearls. On the fourth part is King Hezekiah sitting, holding his head with his right hand; and by his side Isaiah the prophet, with a scroll, whereon is this motto, Ecce adjiciam super dies tuos 15 annos: also over the heads of these figures, Isaias Propheta, Ezechias Rex. The fifth part, which is behind, contains jewels semée. The sixth part has the effigy of a king crowned, and a scroll in his hand, with these words, Honor Regis judicium diligit: and over his head, Rex David. The seventh part is only of gems; but the eighth has a king sitting, with his crown upon his head, and on a scroll which he holds in both hands is this motto, Time Dominum, & Regem amato: as likewise over his head, Rex Solomon.

On the top of this crown is a cross, the fore part of which contains seventeen jewels, and in the top of the cross are these words, IHS Nazarenus Rex Judæorum; as also in the arch or semicircle, these, CHVONRADUS, DEI GRATIA ROMANORUM IMPERATOR

AUG., which shows that the semicircle was added after Charlemagne's time, by the Emperor Conrad.

CHECKY, or CHEQUÉ, is a term used when the field, or any charge, is composed of small squares of different tinctures alternately, as Pl. v., n. 22.

CHERUB'S HEAD is a child's head between two wings displayed. See Pl. xxxIII., n. 2.

CHESS ROOK, a figure used in the game of chess. Pl. vii., n. 9, ermine, three chess-rooks, gules; name, Smert. See another shape, Pl. xxxIII., n. 3.

CHEVAL-TRAP. See GAL-TRAP.

CHEVRON is an ordinary representing the two rafters

of a house, joined together in chief, and, descending in the form of a pair of compasses to the extremities of the shield, contains the fifth of the field. Gules, a chevron argent; name, Fulford. Pl. iv., n. 17. Also Pl. xxxix., n. 7; name, Twemlow.

PER CHEVRON is when the field or charge is divided by such a line as helps to make the chevron, party per chevron, argent and vert, Pl. III., n. 4.

CHEVRONEL is a diminutive of, and in size half, the chevron. Pl. IV., n. 18. When there are more than one chevron on a coat, and placed at equal distances from each other, they should be called chevronels: but if they are placed in pairs, they are called couple-closes. Ermine, two chevronels azure; name, Bagot.

CHEVRONNY is the parting of a shield into several equal partitions chevronwise. See Pl. XLI., n. 10. CHEVRONS BRACED. See BRACED.

CHEVRONS COUCHED signifies lying sidewise. Pl. XXXVIII., n. 16.

',

CHEVRONS CONTREPOINT signifies standing one upon the head of another. Pl. xxxvIII., n. 17.

CHIEF is an ordinary formed by a horizontal line, and occupies the upper part of the shield, containing in depth the third of the field: it is so termed because it has place in the chief or principal part of the shield. Pl. IV., n. 1.

IN CHIEF is a thing born in the chief part or top of the escutcheon. See Pl. xi., n. 2, viz., argent, a fess, in chief three lozenges sable; name, Ashton.

CHIMERA, a fabulous monster, feigned to have the head of a lion breathing flames, the body of a goat, and the tail of a dragon; because the mountain Chimæra, in Lycia, had a volcano on its top, and

nourished lions; the middle part afforded pasture for goats, and the bottom was infested with serpents. Pl. XXIX., n. 9.

CHIMERICAL. A term applied to such figures as have no other existence but in the imagination. See Pl. XL., n. 20, T. 7, n. 22. n. 23, n. 24. CHURCH-BELLS. See BELLS.

CIMIER, the French word for crest.

CINQUEFOIL. The Five-leaved Grass, so called, which is a common bearing, usually drawn or engraved with the leaves issuing from a kind of ball as a centre point. Pl. vi., n. 24. Or, a cinquefoil sable; name, Brailford, of Derby CIRCLE of CHAINS, Pl. xxx., n. 22.

of GOLD, Pl. xxxviii., n. 9.

CIRCULAR WREATH. See Pl. xxxviii., n. 6.

CIVIC CROWN was a garland composed of oak-leaves and acorns, and given by the Romans as a reward to any soldier that saved the life of a Roman citizen in an engagement. This was reckoned more honourable than any other crown, though composed of better materials. Plutarch says the reason why the branches of the oak should be made choice of before all others is, that the oaken wreath being sacred to Jupiter, the great guardian of the city, they might think it the most proper ornament for him who preserved a citizen. The most remarkable person upon record for obtaining these rewards, was one C. Siccius (or Sicinius) Dentatus: who had received in the time of his military service eight crowns of gold; fourteen civic crowns, three mural, eighty-three golden torques or collars, sixty golden armilla or bracelets, eighteen hasta puræ, or fine spears of wood, and seventy-five phaleræ, or suits of rich trappings for a horse.

CLAM, a Scotch term for an escalop or cockle-shell. CLARION, OF CLARICORD. See REST.

CLECHÉ, OF CLECHÉE, a French term, applied to any ordinary which is so completely perforated, that its edges only are visible.

CLECHÉ, A CROSs (voided and pometté), is one which spreads from the centre towards the extremities, then ends in an angle in the middle of the extremity, by lines drawn from the two points that make the breadth till they join. Pl. xxxvii., n. 17.

CLEG GOOSE. See BARNACLE.

CLINCHED signifies the hand to be shut, as Pl. XL., n. 17.

CLOCKS, when used in arms, are drawn as table-clocks. In that in the arms of the Clockmakers' Company, the feet are four lions couchant, and it is ensigned with a regal crown.

CLOSE, when the wings of a bird are down, and close to the body. Pl. ix., n. 19. The term is used for horse barnacles when they are not extended: also to denote a helmet with the visor down, as Pl. XLII., n. 4.

CLOSE-GIRT, is said of figures habited, whose clothes are tied about the middle.

CLOSET is a diminutive of the bar, being the same figure to one half of its breadth. Pl. iv., n. 15.

CLOSING TONGS, a tool used by the founders, and made part of their crest. Pl. xxiv., n. 9.

CLOUDS frequently occur in arms, with devices issuing therefrom, and surrounding charges.

CLYMANT, a term sometimes used to describe a goat when reared on its hind legs: see SALIENT. CO-AMBULANT, passant or walking together.