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3. By selling an article for 67., I cleared of what it cost me. What did it cost me?

SECTION II. Correct the following expressions, assign grammatical reasons for the corrections you make, and parse the last sentence.

"Him and I went together." "When I goes home." "He who I see'd there this morning I shall see again."

SECTION III.1. Draw a map of South America, and show the positions of its principal sea-ports, and the directions of its principal rivers and mountain-ranges.

2. Draw a map of British India, showing the different provinces which compose, and its chief cities.

7 (a

b) and 4 a + 2 b
5 c + 6 d,

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SECTION IV.-1. Add together 5 a + 3 x
2. Subtract 12 x- 5 d + 4 b + 3 a from 2 x 3 a + 8 b
3. Multiply a- 4 ax + 2 x2 by a2 ax- x2 and am
4. Show that if

- b be subtracted from a, the result is a + b.

SECTION V.-Solve the equations :

2x.

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A sentence will be read to you, which you will write down carefully and spell correctly.

SECTION I-1. Subtract 97. Os. 11 d. from 9007. 1s. 3 d.

2. How much money must add to 3407. 7s. 9d. to make up the sum of

5007.?

3. Multiply 57. 17s. 9 d. by 7.

4. Divide 237. 11s. 94d. by 11.

SECTION II.1. How many tons are there in 27,000,000 lbs. avoirdupois? 2. A train travels at the rate of 25 miles an hour; how far does it travel every minute ?

3. How many persons can receive 4s. 6d. each, out of 47. 19s. 6d. ? SECTION III.-1. If seven men earn 31. 10s. in three months, what does each man earn in a month ?

2. What must a person's annual income be, in order that he may spend daily 17. 11s., and lay by 4347. 5s. at the year's end?

3. What is the carriage of 5 hogsheads sugar, each 5 cwt. 3 qrs. 21 lbs., at 12s. 6d. per ton ?

SECTION IV.-Draw an outline map of Africa.

SECTION V.-Correct the spelling of the following sentence :

"He fell in unexpektedly with a large boddy of Lasedemonian trupes heded by both the kings. His retrete was intursepted; and in making an obstinate diffence, being stunned by a blo on the head, he was taken prisener with about fifty of his bande."

SECTION VI.-Correct the grammatical construction of the following sentence, and give reasons for the corrections you make?

"Him who you speak of, has acted very dishonourable, and his cheerfulness has forsook him."

Upper School.-4th Class.

A sentence will be read to you, which you are to write down carefully, and spell correctly.

SECTION I-What is a noun? How many cases have nouns, and what are they? Decline the noun "boy." State what are the parts of speech in the following sentence :—

"Our Christmas holidays will soon begin."

SECTION II.-Draw a map of Palestine.

Divide 325,000

SECTION III. Add together 57,809, 5,236, 52, 911,005. Subtract 520,976,325 from 610,863,102. Multiply 16,734 by 3004. by 85. Divide 980,263,711 by 809.

SECTION IV.-Reduce 4977. 12s. 8d. to farthings, and 2,300 pence to pounds. Reduce 59 tons 11 cwt. 7 qrs. 8 lbs. to lbs., and 23,456 feet to miles.

SECTION V.-Add together 5l. 16s. 34d., 19s. 84d., 3l. 12s. 4d., and 21. Os. Old. Multiply 97. 7s. 8d. by 11, and 21. 8s. 74d. by 23. Divide 17. Os. Od. by 7, and 597. 11s. 11 d. by 27.

SECTION VI. At 71. 4s. 3d. per cwt. what is the cost of 3 lbs of raisins? What is the cost of 365 bottles of wine at 27. 13s. 6d. per dozen ?

Nautical School.

SECTION I-1. Prove that equiangular triangles have the corresponding sides about their equal angles in the same proportion.

2. Show that if a straight line stand at right angles to two other straight lines at their point of meeting, it is also at right angles to the plane passing through them.

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3. Stays" and "shrouds" are made by twisting together four "readies" and a "heart." In a given circle to describe five circles touching each other; four of which shall touch the given circle, and the fifth be concentric with the given circle, and touch the other four.

SECTION II.-Solve one of the following equations, viz.,

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SECTION III.-1. A farmer buys a flock of sheep at 20s. each, and after 1 aving kept them until the expenses incurred upon them amounted to 107. (during which time he has lost ten of them,) he finds they have cost him 30s. each. How many were there in the flock?

2. The food of part of the inmates of a union-house is made of wheaten Hour, and that of the rest of oatmeal. When the whole number of inmates is n, and they eat a sacks of flour per day and b of oatmeal; and when the number is N, they eat A sacks of flour per day and B of oatmeal. How many will one sack of flour feed for one day, and how many one sack of oatmeal?

3. A passenger train and a luggage train, the one travelling at 10 miles per hour less speed than the other, set out at the same time, the one from London and the other from Carlisle, 210 miles apart, and pass one another at a certain station on the road. The passenger train sets out from Carlisle

to return, two hours after the luggage train sets out to return from London; and it is observed that they pass one another at the same station. At what rate do they travel, and how far from London is the station?

SECTION IV.-Prove one of the following formulæ of plane trigonometry.

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SECTION V.-Prove one of the following formulæ of spherical trigonometry.

1. Cos c Cos a Cos b + Sin a Sin b Cos C

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SECTION VI.-1. Show how the distance of two inaccessible objects, C and D, from one another, may be determined by observations made at the extremities of a given base line, A B, from which the objects are visible.

2. Investigate a rule for computing the sun's azimuth from an observed altitude.

3. Investigate a rule for determining the latitude by altitudes observed near the meridian; and show how this rule is to be applied to the mean of any number of observed altitudes.

SECTION VII.-1. Explain Mercator's projection, and show that the distance of any two places on the globe is to the projected distance as the difference of latitude of the two places is to the projected difference of latitude.

3. Explain fully the method of determining the latitude and the time by two altitudes of the sun and the intervening time, and apply corrections for the change of declination and the motion of the ship.

Notices of Books.

HAND-BOOK OF NATURAL PHILOSOPHY AND ASTRONOMY. BY DIONYSIUS LARDNER, D.C.L., FORMERLY PROFESSOR OF NATURAL PHILOSOPHY IN UNIVERSITY COLLEGE, LONDON. FIRST COURSE:

MECHANICS, HYDROSTATICS, HYDRAULICS, PNEUMATICS, SOUND, OPTICS. (London: Taylor, Walton, and Maberley.)

THE STEAM-ENGINE; A POPULAR ACCOUNT OF ITS CONSTRUCTION, ACTION AND HISTORY; AND A DESCRIPTION OF ITS VARIOUS FORMS. BY HUGO REID. Third Edition, Revised and Improved. (London: Groombridge and Sons.)

GLEIG'S SCHOOL SERIES. HYDROSTATICS,

HYDRAULICS AND PNEU

MATICS FOR THE USE OF BEGINNERS. BY THOMAS TATE, F.R.A.S., (London: Longman and Co.)

THE first of these popular books is from the pen of one who is well known

in the scientific world by his various publications, but especially by "The Cabinet Cyclopædia," which he conducted with great ability. It would be difficult to select a person better qualified than Dr. Lardner for the task of compiling a work on natural philosophy and astronomy, and the Hand-book now before us fully sustains his high reputation as an elementary writer. It is drawn up for "the satisfaction of those who desire to obtain a knowledge of the elements of physics without pursuing them through their mathematical consequences and details," and its object is to supply "that information relating to physical and mechanical science, which is required by the medical and law student, the engineer, and artizan, by those who are preparing for the universities, and, in short, by those who have already entered upon the active pursuits of business, are still desirous to sustain and improve their knowledge of the general truths of physics, and of those laws by which the order and stability of the material world are maintained."

Following Euclid's excellent example, Dr. Lardner divides his first course into nine books, thus:-I. Properties of Matter.-II. Of Force and Motion.-III. Theory of Machinery.-IV. Mechanical Properties of Liquids.-V. Mechanical Properties of Air.-VI. Specific Gravity. -VII. Theory of Undulation.-VIII. Sound.--IX. Light. These books are divided into numerous chapters, but to give anything approaching to a fair analysis of this valuable work would be to transcribe the whole of the ample table of contents prefixed to the volume, or the index with which it is closed. Suffice it to say, that it contains an immense mass of the most important information relating to the concerns of material life, and that the various experimental illustrations of the physical truths with which it abounds are rendered clear and intelligible by means of upwards of four hundred diagrams. We have much pleasure in recommending Dr. Lardner's "Hand-book of Natural Philosophy;" it is one of the best popular scientific works that has yet appeared, and the numerous experimental illustrations are described in language unusually clear and expressive, and intelligible to the lowest capacity.

The author has evidently availed himself of all the most recent discoveries and inventions, as its pages are enriched with much new and valuable matter. As an instance, Dr. Lardner mentions an instrument of great ingenuity and beauty, called the Sirene, which has been supplied by the invention of M. Caguard de la Tour, for the purpose of ascertaining the whole number of vibrations corresponding to any proposed musical sound. By means of this instrument, the rate at which wings of insects move may be ascertained. The instrument is brought into unison with the sound produced by the insect, and as in the case of any other musical sound, the rate of vibration is indicated. In this way it has been ascertained that the wings of a gnat flap at the rate of 15,000 times per second. The pitch of the note produced by this insect in the act of flying is, therefore, more than two octaves above the highest note of a seven-octave pianoforte. Instead of adverting to other instances of experimental illustrations, we can only reiterate our cordial approval of Dr. Lardner's "Hand-book of Natural Philosophy," and we trust that his second course, which is announced to embrace Heat, Electricity, Magnetism, and Astronomy, will equally merit the same commendation.

The little work on "The Steam Engine," by Hugo Reid, is "designed to furnish to the general reader such an account of this great machine as may be easily understood by those who are previously unacquainted with the subject." The general laws of Heat and Pneumatics, on which the action of the engine depends, are first detailed, and its construction and mode of action are then explained at considerable length. The author gives a sketch of the origin and progress of the steam engine, as well as a short memoir of its inventor, the celebrated James Watt. This work may be advantageously consulted by those who have not access to larger and more expensive works on the subject.

Mr. Tate's little book on Hydrostatics, Hydraulics, and Pneumatics, will be found very useful to the class for which it is intended. Many pleasing experiments are introduced, together with several exercises on the different subjects. It forms one of the school series edited by Mr. Gleig, and is well adapted to the capacities of beginners, the physical truths being illustrated in a simple and perspicuous manner.

SELECT ENGLISH POETRY, WITH PROSE INTRODUCTIONS, NOTES, AND QUESTIONS, TO WHICH IS ADDED AN ETYMOLOGICAL APPENDIX OF GREEK, LATIN, AND SAXON ROOTS, FOR THE USE OF SCHOOLS AND PRIVATE READING. BY EDWARD HUGHES, F.R.G.S., HEAD MASTER OF THE ROYAL NAVAL LOWER SCHOOL, GREENWICH HOSPITAL. (London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans. 1851.)

THE use of poetry, as a means of education, claims a higher sanction, and is grounded upon better authority, than either human opinion or universal practice can give it. The Spirit of God and the Church have consecrated poetry, and have appropriated it in a peculiar manner to the service of the Deity. Poetry and music have ever been inseparable attendants on religion, and have been so employed in all ages, by all nations, savage and civilized; and the reason is evidently this, that of all external means these exert the greatest influence on mind and character. As Mr. Hughes truly observes, there is nothing better calculated than good poetry "to evoke the social sympathies, to embue with the love of the beautiful in nature, in art, and in action, to fill the young heart at once with patriotism and philanthropy, and to draw out all the faculties which belong to man as man, and which bind him to his race." But to effect this poetry must be really good, or its influence will be equally pernicious to mind and morals. Hence the great Athenian philosopher proposed the banishment of all poets from the commonwealth, thinking it even preferable to forego the benefits of good poetry than to incur the dangerous infection of had a striking proof of the estimation in which this sacred art was held by the philosophers of antiquity. We cannot withhold from Mr. Hughes the tribute of praise due to him for his judicious selection of English poetry. With but very few exceptions, the numerous and various pieces in this publication are, we believe, in every way calculated to answer the purpose for which they were compiled, viz. " to develop the intellectual and imaginative faculties, to soften the temper, to refine the manners, to correct the heart, and generally to enlarge the mind." We recommend it as a very useful and instructive manual for the young, for those especially who have entered what are called their

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