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YEAR BOOK OF FACTS FOR 1855.

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The Annual of Scientific Discovery;

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THE SCHOOL OF CHRIST:

Or, Christianity Viewed in its Leading Aspects.

BY REV. A. L. R. FOOTE.

A HISTORICAL DOCUMENT OF GREAT INTEREST.

THE LANDING AT CAPE ANNE;

Or, THE CHARTER OF THE FIRST PERMANENT COLONY ON THE
TERRITORY OF THE MASSACHUSETTS COMPANY.
Now Discovered and First Published from the Original Manuscript, with
an Inquiry into its Authority, and a History of the Colony,
1624-1628. Roger Conant, Governor.

BY JOHN WINGATE THORNTON.
Price $150.

This volume proves that Massachusetts begins her history, not at Salem, nor under the patronage of the organization which obtained the Charter of March, Anno 1627-8, but in the spring of the year 1624, at CAPE ANNE, where the Colony was established under the authority of This Her First Charter, the very initial of her annals-now first presented to the public.

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"This monograph relates to a portion of the history of Massachusetts which has hitherto been somewhat obscure, and especially commemorates the worth and distinguished services of Roger Conant, whose name ought to lead the list of the Governors of Massachusetts. *** We rejoice that justice, though late, has been done to the venerable Iman who, as founder and savior of the infant colony, may proffer a double title to a place among the fathers of our commonwealth. The whole work does credit to Mr. Thornton's zeal as an antiquary, and credit as an historian."

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CONTENTS:-Christianity a Life-A Work-A Reward-A Culture-A Discipline Gould & Lincoln have in press and will shortly publish,

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THE MISSION OF THE COMFORTER.

With copious Notes. By JULIUS CHARLES HARE. Notes translated for the American edition. 12mo. Cloth, $1 25.

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SCIENTIFIC CERTAINTIES OF PLANETARY LIFE; Or, NEPTUNE'S LIGHT AS GREAT AS OURS. With various other hitherto unconsidered facts connected with the residence of moral agents in the worlds that surround the stars. By T. C. SIMON, author of "The Mission and Martyrdom of St. Peter," "" "The Nature and Elements of the external World," &c., &c.

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VISITS TO EUROPEAN CELEBRITIES.
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THE TEACHER'S LAST LESSON.

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SACRED LATIN POETRY.

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THE RELIGIONS OF THE WORLD, AND THEIR RELA- Chiefly logical, selected and arranged for use.
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GUIDO AND JULIUS.

THE DOCTRINE OF SIN AND THE PROPITIATOR; OR, THE TRUE CONSECRATION
OF THE DOUBTER. Exhibited in the Correspondence of two Friends. By FREDERIC
Translated from the German by JONATHAN ED-
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MY FIRST IMPRESSIONS OF ENGLAND AND ITS PEOPLE. By HUGH MIL-
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Norton's Literary Gazette. apparently a large per centage to assign to the Roman Catholic of the use of the version of

NEW YORK, MARCH 1, 1855.

We shall issue with the number of Gazette for March 15th, a Supplement, containing a full report of the late Libel Case between E. H. Fletcher and the Publisher of this paper. As we shall issue an extra quantity of 5,000, to be sent to editors and clergymen, it will afford a good opportunity for advertisers. Terms as usual.

expression, of ideas, and forming a common medium of communication with the best speakers, writers, and thinkers throughout the world. A quotation from the Dublin Review would have strengthened his argument.

Saxon, but the author makes the distinction be- King James, as an important part of English
tween words "at rest" and "in motion," there literature alone, giving the pupil the mastery of
being more Latin words than the proportion of
thirty per cent., but the Saxon being more ac-
tive and constantly on duty. In the sixty
words of the Lord's Prayer he finds but six "to
claim the rights of Latin citizenship," and Saxon
words might be substituted for them. They
are "trespasses "-"sins;" "deliver"-"free;"
power"-"
"-"might;" "glory "="brightness;"
“temptation”—“trials;” “trespass”—“sin.”
Of the use or mission, to employ a rather

66

MR. TRENCH'S NEW LECTURES ON THE ENGLISH exploded phrase, of the Saxon, he says:
LANGUAGE.

The adaptation of the Protestant version of the Bible in its full employment of words, both Saxon and Latin, as a mediating language between the religions of the north and south of Europe, is eloquently urged by Mr. Trench.

The Norman conquest, Mr. Trench thinks, was "the making of England," though he notices the Saxon humiliation with this curious enumeration of words, which is perhaps more ingenious than convincing, since words do not always deteriorate from oppression and inferiority:

"The Anglo-Saxon is not so much, as I have just called it, one element of the English language, as the foundation of it, the basis. All its joints, its whole articulation, its sinews and its ligaments, the great body of articles, proall smaller words which serve to knit together and bind the nouns, conjunctions, prepositions, numerals, auxiliary verbs, larger into sentences, these, not to speak of the grammatical natu-structure of the language, are exclusively Saxon. The Latin "We may trace, I think, a permanent record of this demay contribute its tale of bricks, yea, of goodly and pol-pression in the fact that a vast number of Teutonic words, ished hewn stones to the spiritual building, but the mortar, which have a noble and august sense in the kindred lanwith all that holds and binds these together, and constitutes guage of Germany, and evidently had once such in the them into a house, is Saxon throughout." Anglo-Saxon, have forfeited this in whole or in part, have been contented to take a lower place, while, in most instances, a word of the Latin moiety of the language has assumed the place which they have vacated. Thus 'tapfer' is valiant, a sentence without Latin, but you cannot with-courageous, but dapper' is only spruce or smart; 'prachout Saxon.

It is always a pleasure to hear from Mr. Trench in the range of those studies which he has made so peculiarly his own, and we have now the satisfaction of welcoming a new series of Lectures on English, Past and Present, from his pen. He has done more in a simple, ral, easy way, to popularize the hitherto dry and recondite study of philology, than any other author. His books, rather than Horne Tooke's, are the genuine Diversions of Purley. By connecting the study of words with morality and history, he has enlarged the bounds and interest of the lexicon, so that the old joke at the expense of the clown who found the stories in the Dictionary interesting enough, he said, but rather short, would no longer hold good. The reader who seeks amusement, no less than

the scholar, will find entertainment under the guidance of Mr. Trench, in the driest vocabulary.

As our readers are doubtless familiar with the author's "Study of Words" and "Lessons in Proverbs," which have gone through repeated editions in England and this country, we may say that the present work, the advance proofsheets of which are before us, is in the same manner and spirit; subtle, ingenious, clear in statement, and tinctured by a sound moral, religious tone. It is the production of a scholar, while it has not a particle of pedantry; but these high qualities of Mr. Trench, which fit him so well to be a popular instructor, are well known.

English, Past and Present, which is in the press of Redfield, is divided into a series of Lectures, addressed to a class in England, which respectively treat of the composition of the language, and the leading changes which it has undergone and is undergoing, arranged under the classes of foreign words introduced; old words once in use, afterward lost or rejected; words with altered meanings and variations in orthography. His suggestions and elucidations of these points are curious, and, though not always to be accepted, are frequently profound. To pick out a few of his points as matters for curious speculation for "Notes and Queries: "— Dividing the English language into a hundred parts, he makes "a rough distribution" of sixty

He points out a demonstrative test of the two constituent parts of the tongue. You can write

Mr. Trench, it is well known, is a clergyman
of the English Church, and as such is an ad-
mirer of the well-nigh miraculous authorized
version of the Scriptures. He is ready to prove
his opinion by analysis and examination, but he
lays aside his own speculations for the moment to
quote the expression of a Roman Catholic, who

thinks the work heretical. It is a writer in the
Dublin Review, for June, 1853; perhaps-New-

man:

tig,' which means proud, magnificent, has dwindled into 'pretty' taufen,' being to baptize, only appears with us as

'to dip;' 'weinen' is honest weeping in German, it is only 'whining' with us; dach' is any roof whatever, but thatch' is only a straw roof for us; 'baum' is a living tree, while 'beam' is only a piece of dead timber; in 'horn-beam," one of our trees, 'beam' still keeps its earlier use. 'Haut' of a beast. 'Stuhl,' a seat or chair, is degraded into 'stool;' while 'graben' is no longer to dig, but only to 'grub. And

is skin, but its English representative is 'hide,' skin, that is,

this list might be very largely increased."

Mr. Trench brings up a rather neglected writer in the old translator of the seventeenth century, Philomon Holland, whose books he pronounces 66 a mine of genuine idiomatic English." Holland translated Plutarch, Livy, Suetonius, Ammianus Marcellinus, and other authors.

Touching the rejected words which have been attempted to be foisted on the language, Mr. Trench thinks they have not been turned out of good society without cause; and he brings a terrible list of Latinized barbarians, ogres and

"One of those who has forsaken the communion of the
English Church has exprest himself in deeply touching
tones of lamentation over all which, in forsaking our trans-
lation, he feels himself to have forgotten and lost. These
are his words: “Who will not say that the uncommon
beauty and marvelous English of the Protestant Bible is not
one of the great strongholds of heresy in this country? It
lives on the ear, like a music that can never be forgotten,
like the sound of church bells, which the convert hardly
knows how he can forego. Its felicities often seem to be
almost things rather than mere words. It is part of the na-
tional mind, and the anchor of national seriousness.... The
of the dead passes into it. The potent traditions giants,
memory
of childhood are stereotyped in its verses. The power of
all the griefs and trials of a man is hidden beneath its words.
It is the representative of his best moments, and all that
there has been about him of soft and gentle, and pure and
penitent and good, speaks to him for ever out of his English

Bible.....

It is his sacred thing, which doubt has never dimmed, and controversy never soiled. In the length and breadth of the land there is not a Protestant with one spark of religiousness about him, whose spiritual biography is not

in his Saxon Bible.""

Not long since, in the State of Maine, suit was brought by a Catholic in one of the courts against the school commissioners for the injury sustained by his son in the loss of education, arising out of the fact that refusing to read the version of the Bible in use, he had been obliged of them to the Saxon, thirty to the Latin-direct-to leave the school from his opposition to its ly and by way of the French, five to the Greek, regulations. The case came before the Supreme and the remaining five for the waifs and strays Court, and was argued for the free public which have reached us from the Hebrew, Ara- schools by Richard H. Dana, Jr., who, among bic, Persian, Turkish, Indian, Dutch, &c. It is other points, insisted upon the benefit to the

"torve," "tetric," "immorigerous," "clancular," "moliminously," &c., out of Fuller, Jeremy Taylor, et als. His list of others which have been polished and adopted is curious:

"Thus 'pantomimi' (Lord Bacon) soon became 'pantomimes;' 'atomi' (Lord Brooke), atoms;' 'epocha" (Dryden, and used as late as South) became 'epoch;' 'caricatura' (Sir T. Brown), 'caricature;' 'effigies' and 'statua' (both in Shakespeare), 'effigy' and 'statue;' not otherwise 'pyramis' and 'pyramides,' which also are forms employed by him became pyramid' and 'pyramids;' 'colone' (Burton), clown;' 'apostata' (Massinger) became 'apostate;' 'despotata' (Foxe), 'despot;' 'mummia' (Webster), 'mummy;' synonyma' (Milton, prose), 'synonyms;' 'galaxias' (Foxe), galaxy;' and 'heros' (H. More), 'hero.' Nor can that slight but widely extended change of 'innocency,' 'indolen

cy,' 'temperancy,' and the large family of words with similar termination, into 'innocence,' 'indolence,' 'temperance,' and the like, be regarded otherwise than as part of the same process. The same has gone on with words from other languages, as from the Italian and the Spanish; thus 'ban

ditto' (Shakespeare) becomes 'bandit;' 'princessa" (Hacket) 'princess; scaramucha' (Dryden), 'scaramouch;' 'caprichio' becomes first 'caprich' (Butler), then 'caprice;,

But whatever may be the sins of others, John Binns, in his autobiography before us, has none of the fashions of the day to answer for, since, venerable octagenarian as he is, he was urged by personages no less than Dr. Priestley and Dr Cooper, more than fifty years ago, to write an account of his life. He had then, at the age of thirty, a story to relate worth the telling, as he came at the beginning of the century fresh from the trials and persecutions of English sedition laws levelled at Reformers, whose propositions have since that time either been granted or would now be regarded as the common-places of Dr. Samuel Parr was one of the friends of political agitation; and we may add that the American sequel of the writer's experiences is perhaps of greater interest. We have heard from many quarters the story of the wrongs of Ireland and of the men in England who sympathized with those redoubtable leaders, Hardy and Horne Tooke; but few have marked the rapidly