...material until papyrus became common in the fifth century BC. The oldest Greek parchment known dates from the end of the third or the beginning of the second century BC and was found at Dura-Europos in the Euphrates valley some seventy years ago. Tradition has it that...

...According to the "Gronigen" hypothesis, the Essenes were an apocalyptic movement to be traced back to the end of the third or the beginning of the second century BCE. Qumran represented a split within the Essene movement when some of its members left to follow...

...Contending that these two Pss were originally not conjoined, he further maintains that Ps 106 was composed at the end of the third or the beginning of the second century BCE. There are two reasons for this: Ps 106 is probably dependent on 1 Chr 16, not vice versa, and,...

...Book) were pre-Maccabean.16The paleographic analysis showed that copies of these documents went back to the end of the third or the beginning of the second century BCT.. The actual composition miglu have occurred even earlier. The Aramaic fragments also demonstrated...

...72..82, is attested in fragments of four manuscripts from Qumran. The earliest of these dates from the end of the third or the beginning of the second century and so is the earliest of the Enoch manuscripts. The Aramaic work represented in these fragments was...

...witch over the personal god. The heightened concern with witchcraft may have had its beginnings already at the end of the third or the beginning of the second millennium. Over time, this concern deepened and developed; I suspect that it became particularly acute...

...the diaspora-Jews, probably in Alexandria. Concerning the date of the translation it may be set to the end of the third or the beginning of the second century BCE93 Thackeray and Arieti94 find it probable that the whole of the 12-prophet-book was translated...

...reaction to the process of Hellenization. The oldest manuscript of the Book of Astronomy went back "to the end of the third or the beginning of the second century BCE" and the Book of the Watchers was already attested in its final shape by "the first half of the...

...that seems to have been part of the much longer original form of the Astronomical Book, was copied at "the end of the third or the beginning of the second century."4 lf these dates are correct, the Astronomical Book was certainly in existence in the third...

...witch over the personal god. The heightened concern with witchcraft may have had its beginnings already at the end of the third or the beginning of the second millennium. Over time, this concern deepened and developed; I suspect that it became particularly acute...